Child Poverty in New Zealand - 1119 Words

Child poverty is a major and complex issue that New Zealand faces today. The degree is far more severe than the publics perception and it is a problem that we cannot afford to ignore. A combination of factors contributes to child poverty, from individual causes at the micro level to the macro collective government involvement. This occurs partly due to social construction and it is potentially avoidable. The consequences can impact on both individual and to a great extent affect significantly on the country as a whole. If the issue is not resolved, the inequality will continue, if not worsen and becomes an ongoing intergeneration cycle. The poor get poorer and poorer, children can easily fall into the poverty trap where it becomes†¦show more content†¦Socio-economic factors are widely acknowledged as important determinants of poverty. If an individual experiences adverse living conditions in childhood, majority of them will have inadequate income and result in low socio-econ omic status as adults (Carroll et al, 2011). Children born in poor households have difficulty in accessing the basic needs (e.g. food, clothing, and good living environment) and this can affect their learning ability at school, unable to focus. In other words, they have a higher chance of dropping out of school or lower education attainment, unable to provide appropriate qualifications when they move onto adulthood, seeking for job opportunities. These children are finding day-to-day life tough, they are living in cold, damp houses, do not have warm or rain-proof clothing, their shoes are worn, and many days they go hungry (Childrens Commissioner, 2012). Often this has taken place over a long period of time, impacting on their development, behaviour and physical health furthermore limiting their potential as they grow into adults. Unemployment or underemployment can cause significant household stressors; parent may feel incompetent to meet the basic needs for their children, unable to make ends with financial problems. Consequently, individual seek alcohol and drug as a way to escape their problems. This could lead to child abuse; children who suffer from this can develop emotional,Show MoreRelatedChild Poverty Is A Reality New Zealand Essay1463 Words   |  6 PagesChild Poverty is a reality New Zealand. An ongoing health issue in New Zealand is poverty in children. Children are now living without the basic necessities each day in summer and winter to protect against New Zealand weather conditions. General needs that most New Zealanders take advantage of such as shoes that cover and protect their feet, raincoats that keep them dry walking to school and sunblock to protect from cancer in the future, are lacking for children in poverty. Poverty in children isRead MoreStructural Inequality Of The New Zealand1349 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The presence of child poverty in New Zealand has been a long standing issue since before the 1990’s and continues to be prevalent in today’s New Zealand. Although child poverty can be linked to multiple causes, there is one major cause that is not widely discussed enough within the political world of New Zealand. This is the issue of structural inequality creating an unjust welfare system which perpetuates stereotypes and damages the support that beneficiaries are provided by our governmentRead MoreThe Consequences Of Child Poverty1188 Words   |  5 PagesChild poverty is not only referring to the phenomenon of children living in poverty, but also experiencing deprivation of the material, spiritual and emotional resources needed to survive, develop and thrive, leaving them unable to enjoy their rights, achieve their full potential or participate as full and equal members of society (United Nations, 2007). It seems to be the situation happening in the developing countr ies. However, children from developed countries as New Zealand are also sufferingRead MoreChild Poverty : An Advancing Social Issue Essay1568 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout this paper, discussions will take place on, child poverty, an advancing social issue in New Zealand. Also, reasons why child poverty is a social issue in New Zealand will be debated. In addition, key concepts of three core sociological perspectives; structural functionalism, symbolic interactionism and conflict perspective will be explored. Followed by, explanations of child poverty in New Zealand, from each of the three perspectives will be given in order to explore the different viewpointsRead MoreChild Poverty And Its Effects On Children1214 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Child poverty has become one of the most significant ongoing issues in New Zealand. According to the Child Poverty Monitor Technical Report in 2013, one out of four New Zealand children are growing up in poverty and one out of six are growing up without meeting the basic needs such as adequate and nutritious food, health care, adequate clothing and housing. Ten percent of the New Zealand children are at the hardest end of poverty and sixty percent of children living in poverty will likelyRead MoreThe Poverty Of New Zealand1144 Words   |  5 PagesYou would like to believe that New Zealand, a well-developed country, is a great place for children to live. For most of us that is true however there is still a concerning amount of children who live in poverty. Since the late 1980’s and early 1990’s there has been an increase in child poverty of around 15 percent (Boston, 2014). Currently the New Zealand government spends up to ten billion dollars a year on attempting to so lve child poverty and yet still as many as 25 percent of children, whichRead MoreChildren s Development And Effective Parenting Essay1400 Words   |  6 Pagesdiversity including, poverty, family form, and children with disabilities. Throughout these discussion papers our roles as educators when working with children and their families within each of these areas of diversity are addressed. These papers unpack inclusive practices for working with young children and their families with differing abilities from a range of socio-economic backgrounds. In Aotearoa New Zealand we live in a society where some children and families live in poverty, the most commonRead MoreDefining Poverty Of New Zealand Essay728 Words   |  3 PagesDefining poverty in New Zealand New Zealand lacks an ‘official’ definition of poverty and internationally, is not alone in its failure to do so. However, there is in certain OECD countries, definitions that could be adjusted and refined to define poverty within a New Zealand context, and we should in the first instance, adopt Ireland’s model for that purpose. Introduction Defining poverty is a consensual and contextual process difficult to achieve from the subjective view alone as everyone has theirRead MoreThe Social Issue Of A New Zealand1646 Words   |  7 Pagesproposal is to analyse the social issue that is concerned in New Zealand and how the business will be set up in the market to address and improve the social problem. The social issue that will be addressing in this business proposal is Child Poverty. The reason why child poverty is now concerning is because of its negative impact on children’s living conditions. It has now become a significant social issues in New Zealand. Child poverty is referred to the children experiencing hardships in theirRead MoreSocial Inequalities Within New Zealand Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will be discussing the social inequalities within New Zealand. These inequalities can include unequal income, education and healthcare. Through extensive research of academic resources, I will be discussing how educational, family, social and political factors contribute to the development of these inequalities. I will also be providing a line graph that shows the unequal income between classes and a second line graph that demonstrates the difference in student success between high decile

Kurtz s Station, The Outpost - 2228 Words

Kurtz s station, the outpost in the story is also running out of supplies and for the same reason, because one of the company s steamers had been wrecked. While its narrator remained devoted to Kurtz, that particular Englishman does not believe meeting him was worth life of his African helmsman of whom Marlow says what he never said of Kurtz, that he shared a distant kinship with the man. Those words are most significant, coming as they did at a time when Africans were thought to be kin to monkeys. Still and all, in a passage that Achebe found most offensive, Conrad has Marlow speak again of a remote kinship, this time with the natives making horrid faces. When speaking of kinship, Marlow regards the black man as kin to the white in a positive way. However the kinship of white to black is seen negatively: Marlow considers the white man s kinship with the howling and spinning blacks to be ugly. Whatever he might make of Marlow s judgments, he must keep in mind that they result from what these various people, whether black or white, are seen to be doing, as helmsmen he had done something, he had steered or as Africans making horrid faces, and are not based on prejudices regarding who or what these persons. The secondary part of Heart of Darkness was in effect an afterthought whose subject would no longer specifically be an account of the atrocities committed in the Congo, but would reveal a general hopelessness darker than night. Once Marlow boarded his boat, theShow MoreRelatedThe Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad983 Words   |  4 Pagessetting up outposts along the Congo River. The outposts allowed the Belgium to exploit the African natives while also to capitalizing on the Congo as a rich source of ivory. â€Å"He talked about ‘weaning those ignorant millions from their horrid ways;’ till, upon my word, he made me quite uncomfortable. I ventured to hint that the Company was run for profit† (Conrad 25). In the Heart of Darkness, Kurtz is a one of Leopold’s agents and is portrayed as an inconsiderate tyrant who embodies Europe s imperialisticRead More Elements of Darkness in Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness1263 Words   |  6 Pagescertain elements of darkness attempt to show how deep one must look inside themselves to discover the truth. Conrad portrays the idea of the darkness of the human heart through things such as the interior of the jungle and its immensity, the Inner Station, and Kurtzs own twisted deeds. Coppolas heart of darkness is represented by the madness of the Vietnam War and how even to look for a purpose in it all; is itself quite mad.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It was no accident that a documentary was made on Francis FordRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad Essay1483 Words   |  6 Pagesthen Belgian-controlled Africa. This story about Great Britain in it s past also introduces the types of characters the reader will confront later in Marlow’s story once he is in Africa. The first example of this would be when Conrad first mentions the Roman who goes to England only so he can fix his wealth status. Later on in the novel, Marlow meets an overweight man while on a 200 mile hike to the Manager’s African outpost. This man has an identical reason of being in Africa compared to the reasoningRead MoreThe Central Station Essay2225 Words   |  9 Pagesthe Central Station, Marlow can see ivory coming out, but he does not report seeing any goods going in. The district round the Inner Station will be closed to trade, but not, might be presumed, to further raids, since the situation there has come to reflect what occurred throughout Leopold s Congo and what after 1902 would happen in the Kasai valley region as well. Precious goods are being taken out of the region without any coming into redeem what had been taken out in that station. Conrad marked

The Debate Of Embryonic Stem Cell Research - 1969 Words

Embryonic stem cell research and use is a scientific advancement that could change medical history. There are two types of stem cell research, adult stem cells, and embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells receive a very negative connotation in society, and there are many misconceptions about the process and the ethics of embryonic stem cell research. A large majority of society immediately assume that it is the use of aborted embryos because of the word embryonic, and adult stem cells are not as effective as embryonic. However, this is not the case. Embryonic stem cell research is in progress to help cure and reduce the effects of very fatal and harmful diseases that take many of societies precious lives. If research continues to†¦show more content†¦In 2009, a relief for scientists came about because President Obama lifted the restrictions (Coghlan). This then enabled the progression of embryonic stem cell research to help cure and reduce the harmful effects of many dise ases in people. Whether embryonic stem cell research is ethical is a very controversial subject because many people assume it is aborted embryos that are destroyed to be experimented on. It then also bothers people that the embryos have to be destroyed to have tests run on them, but the process is very specific and carefully done so it eliminates any reason for it to become unethical. California’s Stem Cell Agency provides an understandable explanation of the embryos used for research in the lab: All the human embryonic stem cell lines currently in use come from four to five-day-old embryos left over from in-vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures. In IVF, researchers mix a man s sperm and a woman s eggs together in a lab dish. Some of those eggs will become fertilized. At about five days the egg has divided to become a hollow ball of roughly 100 cells called a blastocyst which is smaller than the size of the dot over an â€Å"i†. (Myths and Misconceptions About Stem Cell Research.) The process is deemed ethical because the embryo is only made up of 100 cells and it is not evenShow MoreRelatedThe Debate Of Embryonic Stem Cell Research1460 Words   |  6 Pages I believe that embryonic stem cell research should be allowed in the United States. From previous encounters with the topic I have learned that the many benefits that can come from stem cell research are without a doubt astounding and unimaginable. There are simply endless possibilities that can arise if the research was allowed to be conducted. From giving back vision to rebuilding tissue, any advance in stem cell research would be beneficial to the medical world. With the help that the advancesRead MoreThe Debate Of Embryonic Stem Cell Research1711 Words   |  7 PagesEmbryonic stem cell research is a hot topic of debate in our modern age, as scientific development continues to push the boundaries of ethics. The debates lies in whether or not it is helping or hindering society, as the procedure involv es the manipulation of a human embryo. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from a week old human embryo (blastocyst), often developed from unused in vitro fertilised eggs. They are pluripotent, meaning they are capable of undergoing directed differentiation andRead MoreThe Debate Of Embryonic Stem Cell Research931 Words   |  4 Pages Embryonic stem cell research is the study of stem cells derived from the undifferentiated inner mass cells of a human embryo. For many years now, the ethics of embryonic stem cell research has been argued. A recent advance in this line of research is the ability to clone the embryonic stem cells, which allows for researchers to create a completely compatible embryonic stem cell to the individual’s tissue type. Though this new science may be very beneficial, not everyone can agree on the ethics ofRead MoreThe Debate Over Embryonic Stem Cell Research852 Words   |  4 Pagesknowledge of stem cell research has already created the ability for doctors to print a functional organ jus t as easily as people can print a persuasive research essay. With great medical advancements comes great controversy. The main way researchers have been studying stem cells is by harvesting undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. Those who oppose embryonic stem cell research claim that stem cell harvesting damages and kills the un-born embryo; however, because of advancements in the stem cell harvestingRead MoreThe Ethical Debate of Embryonic Stem Cell Research2359 Words   |  10 PagesStem cell research is often at the forefront of heated ethical debates due to its assessment of human life. If stem cell research cannot be ethically defended, then it should not be conducted. â€Å"You cannot defend a study ethically unless the presumed cost is lower than expected benefits. The cost-benefit analysis of scientific research needs to include human/animal discomfort/risks, environmental issues, material costs, etc† which is necessary to support the positive outcome which the rese arch claimsRead MoreThe Debate Over Embryonic Stem Cell Research1652 Words   |  7 PagesEmbryonic stem cell research could one day hold the key to many new scientific discoveries if it is continuously funded in the years to come. I chose to base my research around the question, Should embryonic stem cell research be government funded? When I finish highschool I hope to pursue a career in the medical field. Although I wish to become a doctor and may not be directly researching stem cells, they may one day be a treatment that I will have to administer to patients. To answer this questionRead MoreThe Debate Over Embryonic Stem Cell Research1543 Words   |  7 PagesWhile embryonic stem cell research has been ongoing for more than 30 years, it has only become a controversial topic over the past decade. The embryonic stem cell was first isolated in 1981 by two scientists at the University of Cambridge. However, it wasn’t until 1998 at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, whe re the first batch of embryonic stem cells were created in a test tube. In 2001, President George W. Bush approved the use of federal funding for research on this topic, following this actionRead MoreThe Debate Of Embryonic Stem Cell Research1292 Words   |  6 PagesEmbryonic stem cells research is the most debated type of stem cell research. The moral standings of embryonic stem cell research have been debated since the research started. The side against the research claims that it is wrong to value one’s life above another and that the elimination of the most basic form of life is murder. While the side supporting the research claims that the research could bring about the cure for many types of diseases and help save the lives of millions. Embryonic stemRead MoreThe Debate Over Embryonic Stem Cell Research1907 Words   |  8 PagesApril, 2017 Embryonic Stem Cell Research Imagine living in a world without cancer, Parkinson s, or even diabetes. While everyone may wish this is true, people are against a way that researchers can make this possible, which would be by the use of stem cells. There is major controversy on whether or not stem cell research should be allowed, especially when it comes to embryonic stem cell research. Although many consider it to be killing a potential life form, embryonic stem cell research may eventuallyRead MoreThe Debate Over Embryonic Stem Cell Research1710 Words   |  7 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cell Research Embryonic stem cells, according to the National Institute of Health, are cells obtained from embryos that are prepared from fertilized eggs which have been collected through the in vitro technique; in specialized clinics. Scientists use the stem cell research to have a better idea about the evolution, aging, and disease. Thus, they keep track of the stem cells progress across the lifetime; this tracking process can help scientists to figure out the genetic mutations

Health and Their Contribution to ADL Practices

Question: Case study of the determinants of health and their contribution to ADL practices. Answer: Introduction The determinants of health are responsible for evaluating a persons likelihood of maintaining a good health. These include the situations or the environment in which people were born, raised, living, working, and growing old. They are sometimes also known as 'the causes of the causes', as it is established that though health of populations is influenced by activities or exposure to risk, social and economic factors also play major roles (Anon n.d.). Activities of daily living (ADLs) are essentially the fundamental or basic self-care skills or abilities one needs to properly care for oneself (Lawrence et al. 2014). These tasks are one of the most important measurements used to assess an individual's care plan (Klimczuk 2016). It may be used as a guide to determine if people qualify for certain services or if they need an increased level of care. The dependency on others for ADLs may negatively impact the well-being of a person and influence the quality of life (QoL) (Giebel et al. 2015). Even the medication and substance use may be influenced and need to be previewed well before providing nursing care to such patients. To illustrate this, a questionnaire based case study was done to identify how the activities of daily living (ADLs) affect the determinants of health. This may be used as a guide in nursing practice to determine the health status of the patient. A 65 year old woman, suffering from chronic high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, diabetes, arthritis, urinary incontinence, and hearing problems was interviewed at an old- age home after taking informed consent and maintaining the privacy of the interviewee. Care was taken so as not to include any offending questions. The questions included in the questionnaire were linked to the basic ADLs performed by the patient/interviewee and tried to summarize the capabilities of the patient in terms of movement, cognition, personal care, social compatibility, and work limitations. As per the Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia (2008) the interviewee was given full freedom to take an independent deciding to participate and confidentiality of the information was assured. Findings from the interview The patient told that though she was able to walk slowly, she needed assistance for coming out of bed and to transfer from seated to standing position. She managed this with the walkers. For climbing up and down the stairs also she needed assistance. She managed this with the aid of railings in the stairs. She was unable to prepare food and it was being provided by the old-age home, which took care of including all necessary nutritional ingredients. She could feed by herself, though very slowly. As she needed different medications for her different ailments, she asked someone to prepare a medication chart for her, which she displayed in her room, to aid her in taking all medicines on time. She had also kept duplicate hearing aids in her room in case she forgets or misplaces her hearing aid. Though she could take bath independently, she had made certain alterations in the bathroom to help her with this. She maintained personal hygiene practices by herself, such as brushing her teeth and grooming herself, though the speed was very slow. She chose her dresses herself, though she needed aid in managing fasteners etc. while putting the clothes on and off. She took aid from her inmates in the old-age home. She was able to operate and use other assistive devices like her hearing aids, walker, etc. by herself, though at times she needed assistance. She could use the toilet independently as she had made alterations in the toilet for the same. However, he had urinary incontinence because of which her body and clothes gave a bad odour. Bowel movements were still under control. She had not been doing any domestic work since 4-5 years since she was in the old age home. However, she felt that she could do it but at a very slow pace. She was not able to operate a phone owing to the development of latest technology phones. Discussion Health is determined by physical, mental, social, and economic factors. The determinants of health can be associated with the ADLs and then used to assess the QoL (Kim et al. 2014). In case of the above patient ADLs are greatly determined by these factors. Though the woman is under medication and has a very cooperative environment in the old-age home, she still needs nursing care and support and the old-age home should provide for a nurse for helping her regain her confidence. She has favourable social and economic conditions in the old-age home, however, personalized care is needed. Though she has found out ways to counter her needs using physical aids, like walker and altering the bathroom and toilet, still she needs proper supervision and aid to deal with her physical, mental, and social introversion she is undergoing due to urinary incontinence. Proper nutrition and timely medication is necessary to prevent her health from deteriorating further. Moreover, the chronic conditions she is suffering from, limitations in ADLs, and the advancing age, demand more care to improve her QoL (George et al. 2014). As she is suffering from arthritis, taking bath and climbing the stairs by herself may prove risky for her. So, an all-time nurse should be provided to her. This may be considered as need for long-term care services. These services are often needed for chronic ailments and needed from onset of these conditions and for the remaining lifetime, thus making it of great important to better understand the factors associated with long-term care to provide appropriate care and alleviate the societal burden caused by increasing age (Wu et al. 2014). Moreover, though at present her cognitive level is fine, due to advancing age, diabetes, midlife hypertension, that are the most widely accepted risk factors, there may be mild changes in cognition that can manifest as delays in memory and impairments in ADLs (Miu et al. 2016). The modifiable mid-life risk factors (like diabetes, hypertension, cholesterolemia) should be taken care of early in life to prevent ADL disability in old age. If these risk factors are given adequate attention in the middle age, there can be substantial increase in the old age period that one can live a healthy and independent life (Wong et al. 2015). The social determinants of health are partially lacking in this case as though the woman has neighbourhood trust, support, cohesion, and participation within the old-age home, her interaction with the outside world through phone or any other means is missing. This has great impact on the older persons ability to age in place (Norstrand et al. 2014). As the current process of care transitions for people with disabling conditions is both ineffective and inefficient (Camicia et al. 2014), the nurses need to be provided the necessary knowledge and skills to facilitate transitions that prove to be valuable for patients, their families, and the healthcare system. Ignorance and neglect of ADL assessment and unawareness about handling them may lead to poor long-term outcomes of treatment being given (Kerkhoff et al. 2014). Nurses need to be still more involved with geriatric patients who are undergoing psychosocial changes and may have adverse effects on their mental health as well (Liebel Powers 2015). Conclusion The above interview thus brings to the fore the need for proper and adequate nursing care to people who are having limitations in ADLs. The health determinants which lead to these conditions need to be assessed early in life and treated accordingly. If these are presented at later stages, adequate preventive and curative measures need to be applied by the nurse, so that the patient can lead a life worth living. Referencing Anon, Determinants of Health. Camicia, M. et al., 2014. The Essential Role of the Rehabilitation Nurse in Facilitating Care Transitions: A White Paper by the Association of Rehabilitation Nurses. Rehabilitation Nursing, 39(1), pp.315. George, P.P. et al., 2014. Determinants of health-related quality of life among community dwelling elderly. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 43(1), pp.310. Giebel, C.M., Sutcliffe, C. Challis, D., 2015. Activities of daily living and quality of life across different stages of dementia: a UK study. Aging Mental Health, 19(1), pp.6371. Kerkhoff, G. et al., 2014. Smooth Pursuit Bedside Training Reduces Disability and Unawareness During the Activities of Daily Living in Neglect A Randomized Controlled Trial. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, p.1545968313517757. Kim, K., Kim, Y.M. Kim, E.K., 2014. Correlation between the Activities of Daily Living of Stroke Patients in a Community Setting and Their Quality of Life. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 26(3), pp.417419.

Even From Its Humble Beginnings, The Internet Has Always Been A Battle

Even from it's humble beginnings, the Internet has always been a battlefield between phreaks and administrators Thesis: Even from it's humble beginnings, the Internet has always been a battlefield between phreaks and administrators. I. Introduction II. Background of the Internet A. Origins B. Growth 1. Colleges 2. Private Institutions C. Early Users D. Recent Changes 1. Easy Accessibility a. Online Services b. Public Dial-Ups 2. Resource Explosion III. Design A. No Central Hub B. Easy Additions 1. Little Discipline 2. Hard to Remove IV. Breaking In A. How to Do it B. Examples 1. Voice Mail Box 2. Kevin Lee Poulsen 3. Tonya Harding 4. Mark Abene V. Prevention A. CERT B. Newer Security Systems 1. Not Effective 2. Part of the Game VI. Conclusion The Internet is a wondrous place. Practically anything you could ever want is available on the Net. It's like a big city, it has the highly prestigious areas, and the sex-ridden slums. It has the upstanding citizens, and it has the criminals. On the Net, crime is more abundant than in a large city, though, mainly because of the difficulties in tracking and prosecuting offenders. Even from its beginnings, the Internet has always been a battlefield between phreaks and administrators. The Internet hasn't always been a public forum. In fact, the Internet has been around for years. The Internet is just a new fad ("The More I Learn" A1). The Internet originally began as DARPANET, a government-created network, which was designed for defense communications. The Net structure is such that it could survive a nuclear war ("Internet History"). The creation of the Net can not be blamed for the existence of hackers though, hackers are older than the Net itself, but the Net is the largest 'hacker haven' today (Spencer, "Hacking McDonalds" 6). The growth of the Net since its creation has been nothing less than astounding. In the 25-plus years since its creation, the Net now has over thirty million users using four million sites worldwide. Estimates rate the growth of the Net anywhere from ten to fifteen percent per month (Spencer, "Hacking McDonalds" 6). The Internet was first released to major universities in the United States of America. Since then, the universities have offered connections to small business, service providers, and even to the individual user. Sometimes these connections cost a fortune, and sometimes they can be obtained for free ("Internet History"). Although some of the original universities have dropped off the Net for various reasons, every major university in the United States, and now, most others in the world, have a connection to the Internet (Quittner 61). Although it isn't easy for an individual to get a direct connection to the Net, many private institutions are getting connections. This is mainly due to the fact that in order to support the very high speed of the Net, a fast computer is needed and a fast connection. A fast computer can cost in the tens of thousands of dollars, at least, and a fast connection can cost twenty thousand dollars or more, followed by a few thousand dollars a year. Individuals can still get on the Net through these private institutions. The private institution spoon-feeds the Net to the slower computers over their slower connection lines (Spencer, "Stranglehold" 8). The Internet began very high-class, due to the fact that only superintelligent college students and professors could access it. The discussions tended to stay intellectual, with very little, if any, disturbance ("Internet History"). However, relatively recent changes in the availability of the Net have changed that atmosphere. Now, almost anyone can access the Internet. Internet access is offered by every major online service (Himowitz A1). The fact that the major online services charge for their use keeps many people away from them. Those people simply turn to public dial-ups, which are free connections offered by universities that are available to the general public (Spencer, "Know Your Territory" 27). Because accessing the Net is easier, and a lot more people are doing it, naturally the amount of information on the Net is increasing at the same rate, if not faster. In what is often referred to by Net users as the Resource Explosion, the amount of information circulating the Internet has increased more than proportionately with the number of users (Spencer, "Hacking McDonalds" 6). Of all the other factors contributing to the large percent of online crimes, perhaps the most influential is the design structure of the Internet. Experts agree that the underlying structure with no central hub, where each computer is equally powerful, gives unchecked power to the undeserving (Spencer, "Stranglehold" 8). The design also makes controlling the frequency of break-ins almost impossible as well. Both politicians and so-called 'experts' believe the Internet as a whole will be regulated

Business Plan for Dance Studio

Business Plan for Dance Studio Free Online Research Papers 1.0 Executive Summary 2 1.1 Objectives 2 1.2 Mission 3 2.0 Company Summary 3 2.1 Start-up Summary 4 2.2 Company Ownership 5 3.0 Services 5 4.0 Market Analysis Summary 7 4.1 Market Segmentation 7 4.2 Target Market Segment Strategy 8 4.3 Service Business Analysis 9 4.3.1 Competition and Buying Patterns 9 5.0 Strategy and Implementation Summary 10 5.1 Competitive Edge 10 5.2 Marketing Strategy 10 5.3 Sales Strategy 11 5.3.1 Sales Forecast 12 5.4 Milestones 16 6.0 Web Plan Summary 16 7.0 Management Summary 17 7.1 Personnel Plan 18 8.0 Financial Plan 19 8.1 Important Assumptions 19 8.2 Projected Profit and Loss 20 8.3 Projected Cash Flow 21 8.4 Projected Balance Sheet 22 CONCLUSIONS 23 1.0 Executive Summary Social dancing means community. Co-operative, rather than competitive. It means respect for those whom we dance with, whether they be partners or others with whom we share the dance floor. It means taking care that everyone has a good time, rather than being selfish and self-centred. It means being sociable, rather than a show-off. It means dancing with everyone, not just favourite partners, and usually it means changing partners every dance. It means being civil in partnering, waiting until the music starts, before asking someone to dance. It means inclusive, rather than exclusive. (The term dance community is open, in the sense that it includes all those with an interest in dancing, rather than only those who belong to something, or have taken training. So people are seeking schools where they can learn. El Ritmo Dance company is dedicated to bringing quality and affordable dance instruction to Rostov on Don. There is a very active and dedicated social dance community already located in Rostov on Don. However, there has never been an actual dance studio, where these people can expand their knowledge of dance and enjoy being with other people of like interests. It is our plan to incorporate the existing dance community into our studio to begin with a strong base of supporters. From there we will be able to spread the word that dancing is a fun and exciting way to spend time. There are many benefits to dancing that will attract people from many backgrounds and interests. 1.1 Objectives The following are goals and objectives of El Ritmo Dance for Year 2010 through Year 2012 : ?Create a dance studio with a warm, supportive atmosphere, which is based on satisfying customers. ?Provide a social and entertainment forum for people with diverse interests, backgrounds and ages. ?Provide dance training for students at all levels of dance, from beginner to advanced. ?Provide continual training, benefits and incentives for staff to encourage a long-term commitment of employees. 1.2 Mission El Ritmo Dance offers a place where people can learn to dance, meet new people, have fun and feel comfortable. We offer a varied dance program with price options for all levels of interest, with greater emphasis on group classes and small package sessions to reach dance skill objectives. Our instructors have access to continual training on different social dance congresses. This provides our students with up-to-date steps and technique and access to the latest dance trends. 2.0 Company Summary El Ritmo Dance, soon to be located in Rostov on Don, Russia, will provide the community with a comfortable, friendly environment in which to learn the art of social dancing. El Ritmo Dance will offer private dance instruction, group classes, social dance parties and rental facilities for local events. Social dancing (such as Salsa, Swing, Argentinian Tango, Lindy Hop, Bachata, Social Cha cha cha) as well as an art, has become increasingly popular worldwide. As a result, the studio can expect to attract a wide cross section of customers. El Ritmo Dance will appeal to people of all ages, abilities and backgrounds, looking for creative self expression, exercise and/or social opportunities through dance. 2.1 Start-up Summary El Ritmo Dances start-up costs are based on an assumption that it will lease space at the Lendvorets. This space is ready for occupancy but will need a few minor renovations. The renovations include building out an office on the main floor and a caterer kitchen. The other category includes items such as memberships to the Chamber of Commerce, Visitor and Convention Bureau, and anything else that we may have forgotten or underestimated. The current assets include the deposit of â‚ ¬ 6,000. Long-term assets include items which will need to be purchased for the business. We are not currently requesting a loan, but may need to for operating costs if the sales forecast is less that anticipated. The owners are investing â‚ ¬ 25,000 initially. Start up Requirements Start-up Expenses Legal â‚ ¬500 Accountant â‚ ¬150 Office supplies, Stationary â‚ ¬250 Brochures â‚ ¬125 Grand Opening â‚ ¬2500 Signage â‚ ¬250 Other â‚ ¬1000 Total Start-up Expenses â‚ ¬4775 Start-up Assests Cash Required â‚ ¬5375 Other Current Assets â‚ ¬6000 Long-term Assets â‚ ¬8850 Total Assets â‚ ¬20225 Total Requirements â‚ ¬25000 Start-up Funding Start-up Expenses to Fund â‚ ¬4,775 Start-up Assets to Fund â‚ ¬20,225 Total Funding Required â‚ ¬25,000 Assets Non-cash Assets from Start-up â‚ ¬14,850 Cash Requirements from Start-up â‚ ¬5,375 Additional Cash Raised â‚ ¬0 Cash Balance on Starting Date â‚ ¬5,475 Total Assets â‚ ¬20,225 Liabilities and Capital Liabilities Current Borrowing â‚ ¬0 Long-term Liabilities â‚ ¬0 Accounts Payable (Outstanding Bills) â‚ ¬0 Other Current Liabilities (interest-free) â‚ ¬0 Total Liabilities â‚ ¬0 Capital Planned Investment Owner Loan/Investment â‚ ¬25,000 Other â‚ ¬0 Additional Investment Requirement â‚ ¬0 Total Planned Investment â‚ ¬25,000 Loss at Start-up (Start-up Expenses) â‚ ¬4,775 Total Capital â‚ ¬20,225 Total Capital and Liabilities â‚ ¬20,225 Total Funding â‚ ¬25,000 2.2 Company Ownership El Ritmo Dance is a Limited Liability Company owned and operated by Marina Vanyushina and Genadiy Vanyushin. 3.0 Services El Ritmo Dance is dedicated to bringing the fun and challenge of dancing to Rostov on Don at an affordable cost. We will offer private and group dance instruction for social through competitive level dancers. El Ritmo Dance will also provide a place for dancers to use the skills they have learned, by having weekly dance parties, seasonal/holiday dances and annual social dance congress. El Ritmo Dance will offer its students a variety of instructional choices. By offering them several options, we can best serve their individual needs. Private Lessons offer students the best value for their investment. With a private lesson, the students will work one-on-one with an instructor, receiving personalized instruction and immediate correction. Through experiencing the physical sensation of connected movement, the student is able to confidently replicate that movement in order to provide a pleasant and comfortable experience to other partners. In learning the best methods, one-on-one, both beginning and advanced students will find they progress faster and more easily, as they enjoy the sensation of partner dancing. Group Classes are both an introduction to the experience of dancing with different partners, and a chance for the students to become familiar with a variety of step patterns. Rotation of partners, throughout the class allows dancers to practice steps with different partners. This format promotes comfort in dancing with several partners, as well as the communication that goes along with sharing a learned experience. Group lessons will be available every week in the traditional styles and latest club trends. Classes will be offered at every level, from basic beginner through advanced competitive styling. In addition, specialty classes will be offered for children and teens. Practice Dances will be held once a week to allow students an opportunity to practice the dances learned, in an environment with other students learning the same thing. Instructors will circulate on the dance floor, assisting with questions or demonstration of steps, as well as to dance with students. We will offer classes for the following social dance: Salsa LA Salsa Casino Salsa NY Bachata Cuban Cha cha cha Lindy Hop Swing Argentinian Tango Facility Rental will be another service offering. The Lendvorets is currently a very popular place in Rostov on Don for weddings, receptions, musical events, etc. 4.0 Market Analysis Summary Social Dancing is an industry that now continuing to grow. According to a recent press release by 1TV-Television, more than one million people enroll in social dance classes each year. Since 1985, the number of dancers has increased by 25% each year. The timeless popularity of social dancing, combined with the growing interest in the trendy dances, has proven to be a winning combination around the world. We are confident it will produce the same results in Rostov on Don. 4.1 Market Segmentation According to the information published by the Rostov on Don Chamber of Commerce, Rostov on Don had a total 1.300 million people (2009). It is the 10th biggest city in the Russian Federation. Together with its Rostov agglomeration, population of the city is 1.8 million people (6th place in the country). El Ritmo Dance feels that the populations of Rostov on Don are all potential customers. We have divided these potential customers into the following groups: ?Children/Teens (19 yrs. and under). ?College Students/Young Adults (20-24 yrs.) ?Single and Married Adults (25-55 yrs.) 4.2 Target Market Segment Strategy Everyone who has the ability to walk can learn to dance. It is our job to present dance to these people and introduce and develop interest in the community for social dance. For children and teens it is important to show the fun in dance. We can introduce Social Dance through Junior and Senior High School. To colleges’ students we are going to introduce social dance through free open dance classes in universities and colleges in the city. Young adults will be introducing to dance through social dance parties in different night clubs and fitness clubs. We also plan to work with the Universities to offer classes to their students for credit. Single and married adults between the ages of 25 and 55 have traditionally been the biggest supporters of the social dance studio community. This group is generally looking for new things to try and do. For singles we offer another way to meet people, and date. We will also have special wedding packages, which offer the new couple options for learning their first dance. For married couples dance is something new to learn together and provides a great social outlet. By working with the local clubs, we can be sure there are places for people to use the dance they are learning and in turn spread dance further into the community. 4.3 Service Business Analysis The social dance industry has experienced substantial growth at the rate of 25% each year since 1985. There are some key factors for the rise in demand for dance instruction and places to partnership dance: The popularity of trendy dances like Lindy Hop, Argentinian Tango, and Salsa have made an impact on the number of people wanting to learn how to dance. The popularity of partnership dancing has grown immensely in the last decade. Those who are familiar with dance are well aware of how fun and addicting an evening of dancing can be. Those who have not yet experienced the thrill of moving gracefully around the dance floor with a partner, need a convenient, relaxed atmosphere, where they can feel comfortable learning and utilizing current popular dances. El Ritmo Dance seeks to provide its customers with affordable quality instruction in a fun and supportive environment. 4.3.1 Competition and Buying Patterns There are currently no other social dance studios in Rostov on Don. However, there are a few independent dance teachers, who teach classes at local bars, or rent floor space. There is also a local group, Dance Connection, that holds dances on Friday nights at the Ludi club. This group does not have a studio and its main purpose is to find places for people to dance and enjoy themselves. El Ritmo Dance marketing strategy will target people who wish to get more for their investment in dancing. A large variety of dance lesson packages and programs will be offered in an effort to make dancing affordable. Teachers will be highly skilled and professional, keeping with the image of the studio. The studio will be an elegant place to come, where customer service is number one. Marketing venues will include placement advertisement, direct mail, Internet Web page and open free dance lessons. El Ritmo Dance sales strategy will be based on a consultative style where the customers and teachers work together to identify and plan a course of action to satisfy the customer. Teachers will participate in continuous consultative sales training and receive regular sales coaching where the identification of customer buying criteria will be paramount. Sales closes will be based on demonstration of satisfying the customer criteria. 5.0 Strategy and Implementation Summary 5.1 Competitive Edge As previously mentioned, there is currently no other social dance studio in Rostov on Don. This automatically gives El Ritmo Dance a competitive edge on the market. However, we do not plan to sit back and think that people will come to us if we wait. Because Rostov on Don is not used to having a dance studio, this gives us the challenge of introducing the benefits of having a dance studio. We plan to keep our prices in line with the lower cost of living expenses of the Rostov on Don area. We will offer a wide variety of very competitive packages. Our teachers will be trained in the latest trends and with up-to-date styling of todays dances. We plan to partner with many of the studios in Russia so that we can keep up with the trends of the big city and offer more variety to our students. 5.2 Marketing Strategy Our marketing plan will be very simple. Satisfy our customers and provide them with the desire to continue dancing. A happy customer will not only keep coming back, but they will tell other people about El Ritmo Dance. We will market fun! What better product could we possibly have than that?! Our biggest challenge will be getting people who have never been in a dance studio before to come and try us out. Many people have never considered taking dance lessons before. Our marketing message will emphasize the opportunity to meet people, to enhance the quality of leisure time, to gain health benefits and gain life-long skills that will give them respect from their peers. We will advertise in the yellow pages, local newspapers, flyers, coupons, discount books, radio, and signs around town. 5.3 Sales Strategy One of our marketing strategies is to advertise discount specials or introductory offers. These are designed to introduce people to the different dances our studio offers, and the dances our customers want to learn. Our instructors will work with the customer on these specials to discover what it is they are looking for in dance, and to outline a course that suits the customers wants and needs. When a course outline is agreed upon by customer and instructor they will meet with a manager for a brief consultation to make sure the customer is satisfied with the lesson outline and that the course will meet the expectations of the customer. The customer will then sign up for the lessons by contract and commit to a series of appointments; the studio also commits to these appointments. We will offer a variety of courses, all mixed with combinations of private lessons, group lessons, and practice parties. Our course outlines will follow industry standards of recognized progression in dance, referred to as program dancing. El Ritmo Dance also offers the ability for customers to take group class packages. These may be more affordable, and although take longer for advancement, might be more preferable to some of our customers. In addition El Ritmo Dance offers something unique from other dance studios, which is a membership card. There are three different memberships offered: The Basic, which allows unlimited admission to dance parties as well as discounts to special events. The Gold, which allows limited access to group classes, unlimited admission to dance parties, five party guest passes, and discounts on special events. The Platinum, which allows unlimited access to group classes, unlimited admission to parties, ten party guest passes, and discounts to special events. These memberships will last one year. El Ritmo Dance will offer discounts for larger dance packages. All payments for dance lessons will be collected at time of purchase. Customers may be given 30 days to pay with a down payment of 50%. We will accept payment in the form of cash, check, or credit card. 5.3.1 Sales Forecast This sales forecast is an estimation on the number of customers we acquire while open, and an average cost of lesson outlines. The Social Basics Introductory special is averaged at â‚ ¬25, but this may vary depending on the special running that month. The special is not an accurate count for the cost of lessons, and is used primarily to bring people who may be interested to our studio so that they may continue with more lessons. We are forecasting that we will sell 20 Introductory packages in our first month, and 30 each month there after, as this is what we can handle with the hours we have available. The Social Foundation average package price is â‚ ¬360. It is an average price based on the assumption that students would buy a package containing 12 private lessons and 12 group lessons. We offer a 20% for paying in cash, and have therefore shown â‚ ¬300 for our package price to show the discount. We are forecasting to sell a social foundation dance package to 25% of the people who come to take the introductory special. Bronze I is priced at â‚ ¬600, and is based on the assumption that students would buy this package with 19 privates and 25 groups. We offer a 20% discount to people who pay cash for their lesson, and show this in our forecast by making this package show at â‚ ¬500. We are forecasting to sell a bronze dance package to 50% of the people who bought the social foundation package. Bronze II is priced at â‚ ¬720, and based on the assumption that students would buy a package containing 24 privates and 24 groups. We offer a 20% discount for paying in cash, and show this in our forecast by showing this package price at â‚ ¬600. We do not expect to sell any Bronze II packages the first couple of months. Starting on the third month we are forecasting to sell 50% of those that were in Bronze I. Silver I and Silver II â‚ ¬810. These are both based on the assumption that the student buys a package of 27 privates and 27 groups. We offer a 20% discount for students who pay in cash, and have shown this in our forecast with our package being â‚ ¬675. Starting in the fifth month we are forecasting to sell at least two Silver I dance package per month. We have estimated that we will not sell any Silver II packages until the end of the first year of business. We have kept our estimates low, knowing that we are not only a new business but a new type of business in this community, trying to break through with our marketing. Therefore, we are showing a 25% closing ratio for new students. That is saying that 25% of the customers who come in for the introductory special will buy the next level of dance, Social Foundation package. We then show a 50% closing ratio for existing student, 50% of Social Foundation customers will move on to Bronze I, etc. Marys previous sales results were 70% (out of every ten potential customers she sold a dance package to seven). Memberships were forecasted to show that people would buy the Gold at â‚ ¬300 each. We forecast to sell an average of five memberships per month, with that average increasing to 10 during the peak months of November-February. Miscellaneous sales include series group classes and kids group classes averaged at 10 people per class. Weekly dances will be held each Friday night. We will charge â‚ ¬2.5 per person plus â‚ ¬1.5 if they come for the pre-dance lesson. The Lendvorets is currently reported as bringing in about â‚ ¬15 to â‚ ¬20K per year in space rentals. We will continue to rent out this space and increase the advertising. Other category includes one time privates lessons, special services (i.e. DJ service, lesson packages for special events, wedding packages, etc.). Sales Forecast 2010 2011 2012 Sales Introductory Specials-Social Basics â‚ ¬9,000 â‚ ¬10,350 â‚ ¬11, 902 Social Foundation Syllabus â‚ ¬28,800 â‚ ¬33,120 â‚ ¬38,088 Bronze 1 Syllabus â‚ ¬24,000 â‚ ¬27,600 â‚ ¬31,740 Bronze 2 Syllabus â‚ ¬24,000 â‚ ¬27,600 â‚ ¬31,740 Silver 1 Syllabus â‚ ¬10,800 â‚ ¬12,420 â‚ ¬14,283 Silver 2 Syllabus â‚ ¬1,350 â‚ ¬1,552 â‚ ¬1,785 Memberships â‚ ¬24,000 â‚ ¬27600 â‚ ¬31,740 Miscellaneous Packages â‚ ¬4,665 â‚ ¬5,365 â‚ ¬6,169 Weekly Dances â‚ ¬6,000 â‚ ¬6,900 â‚ ¬7,935 Space Rental â‚ ¬16,930 â‚ ¬19,469 â‚ ¬22,365 Other â‚ ¬1,450 â‚ ¬1667 â‚ ¬1,917 Total Sales â‚ ¬150995 â‚ ¬173644 â‚ ¬199,691 Direct Cost of Sales 2010 2011 2012 Introductory Specials-Social Basics â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 Social Foundation Syllabus â‚ ¬4,896 â‚ ¬5,630 â‚ ¬6,475 Bronze 1 Syllabus â‚ ¬4,080 â‚ ¬4,692 â‚ ¬5,396 Bronze 2 Syllabus â‚ ¬4,080 â‚ ¬4,692 â‚ ¬5,396 Silver 1 Syllabus â‚ ¬1,836 â‚ ¬2,111 â‚ ¬2,428 Silver 2 Syllabus â‚ ¬230 â‚ ¬264 â‚ ¬303 Memberships â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 Miscellaneous Packages â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 Weekly Dances â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 Space Rental â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 Other â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 Subtotal Direct Cost of Sales â‚ ¬15,122 â‚ ¬17,390 â‚ ¬19,998 5.4 Milestones The following milestones reflect an approximate timeframe and cost for beginning and completing actions that will be needed to get El Ritmo Dance up and running. Our goal is to open our doors to customers and begin teaching dance by September 1st, 2010. We realize this date is subject to the timeframe for renovation completion, permits, etc. and may need to be adjusted. Milestones Milestone Start Date End Date Budget Manager Department Legal 6/1/2010 9/1/2010 â‚ ¬325 Both Marketing Develop Web Site 4/1/2010 4/5/2010 â‚ ¬45 Marina Vanyushina Marketing Train New Teachers 4/15/2010 9/1/2010 â‚ ¬0 Marina Vanyushina Marketing File for State Business License 6/1/2010 7/1/2010 â‚ ¬0 Genadiy Vanyushin Marketing File for City Permits 6/1/2010 7/1/2010 â‚ ¬0 Genadiy Vanyushin Marketing Negotiate Lease 6/1/2010 9/1/2010 â‚ ¬0 Both Marketing Order Tables and Chairs 7/1/2010 8/1/2010 â‚ ¬1,875 Both Web Purchase Sound System 8/1/2010 9/1/2010 â‚ ¬1,000 Both Web Renovate Space 7/1/2010 9/1/2010 â‚ ¬0 Both Department Acquire Insurance 6/1/2010 8/1/2010 â‚ ¬1,000 Genadiy Vanyushin Department Create Calendar of Events 7/1/2010 9/1/2010 â‚ ¬50 Marina Vanyushina Department Open Doors for Business 9/1/2010 9/1/2010 â‚ ¬0 Both Department Begin Advertising 7/1/2010 9/1/2010 â‚ ¬1,000 Genadiy Vanyushin Department Grand Opening 11/2/2002 11/2/2002 â‚ ¬1,500 Both Department Totals â‚ ¬6,845 6.0 Web Plan Summary El Ritmo Dance has a Web page, www.elritmodance.ru, that is designed to provide a convenient way for people to discover our studio. For marketing purposes the Web page will be linked to other dance Web sites and, since it has dance in the title, it will show up on different search engines. Our students will be able to use the Web site to look up group class schedules, upcoming events, studio news, and lesson prices. Students and prospective students will also be able to contact teachers via e-mail. Teachers will have the Web site on their business cards, and it will appear on our ads to offer people a chance to look at the space, meet the teachers and check prices, and ask questions before they enter the studio. 7.0 Management Summary El Ritmo Dance will be a very small company with the two owners, Marina Vanyushina and Genadiy Vanyushin, responsible for managing and directing all activities. Marina Vanyushina, owner and dance director, will primarily be responsible for the following: Teaching advanced students. Hiring, training and supervision of new instructors. Scheduling and planning the dance group lessons and special events. Creating dance lesson programs and packages. Studio events. Marina Vanyushina brings with her 10 years of experience as a dance instructor. She has knowledge of the operation of dance studios from her training with previous studio managers, and experience of management herself. She also brings with her, knowledge of the dance industry, the champions, the styles, and experience with previous students. Her 10 years of teaching have brought her many connections that can benefit El Ritmo Dance. Genadiy Vanyushin, Owner and Business Director, will primarily be responsible for the following: Teach social foundation/bronze students Managing the accounting/financial aspect of the company Bookkeeping/payroll Design and develop advertising and marketing strategies 7.1 Personnel Plan A teacher training class began in April to train two teachers. These teachers will be given the training for free with an understanding that they are neither hired nor paid during this time. In exchange for this training, they will be offered a job, once El Ritmo Dance gets enough customers. Our goal is to have five part time/full time instructors by the end of 2010, which includes the two owners. At some point in the future, we will see about hiring a receptionist. Personnel Plan 2010 2011 2012 Owners Salary/Distribution â‚ ¬32,500 â‚ ¬36,000 â‚ ¬42,000 Instructors Compensation â‚ ¬16,575 â‚ ¬20,000 â‚ ¬20,000 Other â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 Total People 5 5 5 Total Payroll â‚ ¬49,075 â‚ ¬56,000 â‚ ¬62,000 8.0 Financial Plan We plan to use our own start-up cash to finance the business. The Lendvorets is a turn key building for this type of business, requiring very limited contract work for us to bring in. A kitchen space and office window are to be negotiated with the building owner. Our start-up requirements are business assets, teaching supplies, and advertising. We want to finance growth mainly through cash flow. 8.1 Important Assumptions The financial plan depends on important assumptions, most of which are shown in the following table as annual assumptions. From the beginning, we recognize that collection of payments for dance lesson packages is critical, however, not a factor we can influence easily. Interest rates, tax rates, and personnel burden are based on conservative assumptions. Three of the more important underlying assumptions are: We assume that people in Rostov on Don will be interested in learning to dance and will give us a try. We assume that the area will continue to grow, as in the past, and at the projected rate of 5% per year. We assume that the Lendvorets will continue to be rented for events as in the past. General Assumptions 2010 2011 2012 Plan Month 1 2 3 Current Interest Rate 10.00% 10.00% 10.00% Long-term Interest Rate 10.00% 10.00% 10.00% Tax Rate 30.00% 30.00% 30.00% 8.2 Projected Profit and Loss Our projected profit and loss is shown on the following table, with sales increasing at a rate of 15% year over year. If we are able to meet our sales forecast, we will begin making a profit almost immediately. Traditionally in the dance business the slower months are in the mid-summer. However, the facility rental is higher in the Summer and should, therefore, supplement the slower teaching months. Profit and Loss 2010 2011 2012 Sales â‚ ¬150,995 â‚ ¬173,644 â‚ ¬199,691 Direct Cost of Sales â‚ ¬15,122 â‚ ¬17,390 â‚ ¬19,998 Other Production Expenses â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 Total Cost of Sales â‚ ¬15,122 â‚ ¬17,390 â‚ ¬19,998 Gross Margin â‚ ¬135873 â‚ ¬156254 â‚ ¬179,692 Gross Margin % 89.99% 89.99% 89.99% Expenses Payroll â‚ ¬49,075 â‚ ¬56,000 â‚ ¬62,000 Sales and Marketing and Other Expenses â‚ ¬22,550 â‚ ¬22,900 â‚ ¬26,250 Depreciation â‚ ¬1,770 â‚ ¬1,770 â‚ ¬1,770 Utilities â‚ ¬4,600 â‚ ¬5,000 â‚ ¬5,500 Telephone â‚ ¬1,200 â‚ ¬1,200 â‚ ¬1,200 Insurance â‚ ¬900 â‚ ¬900 â‚ ¬900 Rent â‚ ¬36,000 â‚ ¬36,000 â‚ ¬36,000 Payroll Taxes â‚ ¬4,907 â‚ ¬5,600 â‚ ¬6,200 Other â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 Total Operating Expenses â‚ ¬120,902 â‚ ¬129,370 â‚ ¬141,176 Profit Before Interest and Taxes â‚ ¬14,970 â‚ ¬26884 â‚ ¬38,516 EBITDA â‚ ¬16,740 â‚ ¬28654 â‚ ¬40,286 Interest Expense (â‚ ¬275) (â‚ ¬850) (â‚ ¬1,450) Taxes Incurred â‚ ¬4573 â‚ ¬8,320 â‚ ¬11990 Net Profit â‚ ¬10,672 â‚ ¬19,414 â‚ ¬27,976 Net Profit/Sales 7.07% 11.18% 14.01% 8.3 Projected Cash Flow Cash flow projections are critical to our success. The annual cash flow figures are included here. The business will generate more than enough cash flow to cover all of its expenses. Cash Flow 2010 2011 2012 Cash Received Cash from Operations Cash Sales â‚ ¬150,995 â‚ ¬173,644 â‚ ¬199,691 Subtotal Cash from Operations â‚ ¬150,995 â‚ ¬173,644 â‚ ¬199,691 Additional Cash Received Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Received â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 New Current Borrowing â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 New Other Liabilities (interest-free) â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 New Long-term Liabilities â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 Sales of Other Current Assets â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 Sales of Long-term Assets â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 New Investment Received â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 Subtotal Cash Received â‚ ¬150,995 â‚ ¬173,644 â‚ ¬199,691 Expenditures 2010 2011 2012 Expenditures from Operations Cash Spending â‚ ¬49,075 â‚ ¬56,000 â‚ ¬62,000 Bill Payments â‚ ¬81,830 â‚ ¬96,180 â‚ ¬107,000 Subtotal Spent on Operations â‚ ¬130,905 â‚ ¬152,152 â‚ ¬169,000 Additional Cash Spent Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Paid Out â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 Principal Repayment of Current Borrowing â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 Other Liabilities Principal Repayment â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment â‚ ¬5,500 â‚ ¬6,000 â‚ ¬6,000 Purchase Other Current Assets â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 Purchase Long-term Assets â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 Dividends â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 Subtotal Cash Spent â‚ ¬136,405 â‚ ¬158,180 â‚ ¬175,000 Net Cash Flow â‚ ¬14,589 â‚ ¬15,464 â‚ ¬24,690 Cash Balance â‚ ¬19,964 â‚ ¬35,429 â‚ ¬60,119 8.4 Projected Balance Sheet The balance sheet in the following table shows managed but sufficient growth of net worth, and a sufficiently healthy financial position. Balance Sheet 2010 2011 2012 Assets Current Assets Cash â‚ ¬19,964 â‚ ¬35,429 â‚ ¬60,119 Other Current Assets â‚ ¬6,000 â‚ ¬6,000 â‚ ¬6,000 Total Current Assets â‚ ¬25,964 â‚ ¬41,429 â‚ ¬66,119 Long-term Assets Long-term Assets â‚ ¬8,850 â‚ ¬8,850 â‚ ¬8,850 Accumulated Depreciation â‚ ¬1,770 â‚ ¬3,540 â‚ ¬5,310 Total Long-term Assets â‚ ¬7,080 â‚ ¬5,310 â‚ ¬3,540 Total Assets â‚ ¬33,044 â‚ ¬46,739 â‚ ¬69,659 Liabilities and Capital 2010 2011 2012 Current Liabilities Accounts Payable â‚ ¬7,648 â‚ ¬7,928 â‚ ¬8,872 Current Borrowing â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 Other Current Liabilities â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 â‚ ¬0 Subtotal Current Liabilities â‚ ¬7,648 â‚ ¬7,928 â‚ ¬8,872 Long-term Liabilities (â‚ ¬5,500) (11,500) (â‚ ¬17,500) Total Liabilities (â‚ ¬2,148) (â‚ ¬3,572) (â‚ ¬8,628) Paid-in Capital â‚ ¬25,000 â‚ ¬25,000 â‚ ¬25,000 Retained Earnings (â‚ ¬4,775) (â‚ ¬5,897) (â‚ ¬25,311) Earnings â‚ ¬10,672 â‚ ¬19,414 â‚ ¬27,976 Total Capital â‚ ¬30,897 â‚ ¬50,311 â‚ ¬78,287 Total Liabilities and Capital â‚ ¬33,044 â‚ ¬46,739 â‚ ¬69,659 Net Worth â‚ ¬30,897 â‚ ¬50,311 â‚ ¬78,287 Conclusions El Ritmo Dance studio will create a place where people can learn to dance, meet new people, have fun, improve, create and feel comfortable. We offer a varied dance programs with price options for all levels of interest, with greater emphasis on group classes and small package sessions to reach dance skill objectives. Our instructors have access to continual training on different social dance congresses. This provides our students with up-to-date steps and technique and access to the latest dance trends. Everyone who has the ability to walk can learn to dance. Research Papers on Business Plan for Dance StudioHip-Hop is ArtAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaOpen Architechture a white paperThe Spring and AutumnMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Project Managment Office SystemTwilight of the UAWRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanDefinition of Export QuotasIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in Capital

Business Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Theory - Essay Example As the IS curve shifts to the right the goods market will clear on a new equilibrium level E2 increasing the interest rates and the level of income. As the IS-LM model is based on the assumption of continuous market clearance in the assets markets the adjustment path is along the LM curve, as depicted in the figure below. Through the increase in the government expenditure the private investment spending falls since the interest rates get higher changing the formation of output with the increased share of larger public sector. The decrease in investment spending with an increment in the government expenditure is regarded as the notion of crowding out. With more crowding out the fiscal policy becomes more ineffective. This can be understood as, the more interest rates rise in response to the increase in government spending the more crowding out will occur and the less effective fiscal policy will be in expanding the economy. This can be graphically understood as the steeper the LM curve the greater the crowding out effect. As we know that the slope of LM curve shows the interest elasticity of the demand for money. A steeper LM curve shows that the increase or decrease in the rate of interest does not effect the demand for the real balances. For instance, the less responsive the demand for real balances to changes in interest rates the steeper the LM curve. This leads to a conclusion that in case of significant crowding out the demand for money is not affected by increase or decrease in interest rates. In this particular situation the Government can increase spending by financing it through lower the price of its bonds and hence raising the interest rate. The slope of the IS curve also depicts the effects of expansionary fiscal policy. The effects of expansionary fiscal policy also depends on the size of the shift in the IS curve arising from the government spending increase. Complete Crowding Out A vertical LM curve depicts the complete crowding out. When the LM curve is completely vertical it means that