Security Analysis Of A Protocol For Pollution Attack...

ABSTRACT The following technical paper â€Å"Security Analysis of a Protocol for Pollution Attack Detection† is based on the concept of network coding. Since we have a limited bandwidth it becomes imperative for us to optimize our network in such a way that we can make maximum use of the network resources. Network coding allows us to do that. It achieves this by combining different packets that it receives at a node into one single packet for transmission, instead of simply taking and forwarding the packets. However, network coding is vulnerable to pollution attacks where a single malicious node can disrupt the operation of the complete network. Several protocols to detect pollution attacks have been proposed previously. In the following paper the author has described a new pollution attack detection protocol that extends the existing SpaceMac protocol. This paper describes how we have modelled the protocol in order to carry out a security analysis and presents the results of that anal ysis. INTRODUCTION Network coding allows multiple packets to be transmitted using a smaller number of packets thereby increasing throughput. Here a common single base station transmits data from a common single base station to intermediate stations where it is kept and sent out to the ï ¬ nal destination or to any other intermediate stations at a later time. For a traditional network that employs multicast network, the stations receive a packet and forward it to the next node. Under network coding,Show MoreRelatedInternet Spam Email And The Form Of An Attachment Essay1287 Words   |  6 Pagesfiles deemed information-rich and relevant to most users; Adds the string GLAMOUR to files it encrypts KOVTER attack launched from ads that are embedded on YouTube advertisements lead to a Sweet Orange exploit kit. MATSNU asks for ransom upfront by locking the screen and possesses other screen locking capabilities as well. This form of attack is a backdoor attack. RANSOM generic detection for application that prevent users from fully accessing their workstations or systems. Encrypts some files andRead MoreApplications Of Wireless Sensor Networks1931 Words   |  8 Pagesaspects in the military including: observing friendly forces, equipment and ammunition; surveillance of the battlefield; organization of opposing forces and the terrain; also targeting; assessment of battle damage; and nuclear, and detection of biological and chemical attack 3.4.2 Environmental Applications Secondly, wireless sensor networks are important in environmental applications. This is in fields which include smart homes, tracking the bird movement small animals and insects; assessing environmentalRead MoreChemical Hazards43022 Words   |  173 Pagesxii xvii 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Introduction Sources of Chemical Disasters Causative Factors Leading to Chemical Disasters Initiators of Chemical Accidents Process and Safety System Failures Natural Calamities Terrorist Attacks/Sabotage Impact of Chemical Disasters Major Chemical Accidents in India Aims and Objectives of the Guidelines 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 2.1 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.5 2.5.1 Present Status and Context RegulatoryRead MoreCommunity Health Nursing Final Exam Study Guide Essay15874 Words   |  64 Pagesassessments. When drug abuse, dependence, or addiction is identified, the nurse should assist clients to understand the connection between their drug-use patterns and the negative consequences on their health, families, and community. Institute early detection programs in schools, the workplace, and other areas in which people gather to determine the presence of substance abuse. Assessing for ATOD problems: Nurse should assess for self-medication practices and recreational drug use. After obtainingRead MoreBhopal Gas Disaster84210 Words   |  337 PagesAction at a press conference here on Saturday. On the occasion large number of members of the four organizations were also present. Central Chronicle / Bhopal 14/05/06 No security lapse in Carbide plant: By Our Staff Reporter Bhopal, A former senior official of the Union Carbide s pesticide plant today denied that lax security measures had resulted in 1984 Bhopal gas disaster, which claimed few thousand lives and affected several lakh people. Deposing before Chief Judicial Magistrate Ravindra KumarRead MoreAn Evaluation of an on-Farm Food Safety Program for Ontario Greenhouse Vegetable Producers; a Global Blueprint for Fruit and Vegetable Producers51659 Words   |  207 Pagesto reduce risk. An illustrative case study to examine implementation trends was developed through the examination of current on-farm food safety issues and programs, with specific focus on the Ontario Greenhouse Vegetable Growers (OGVG) hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP)- based initiative. In 2003, OGVG s 200 members had a combined farm-gate value of $350 million and represented 41 per cent of North American greenhouse vegetable production. Program implementation barriers identifiedRead MoreInterna tional Management67196 Words   |  269 Pages The revised or newly added â€Å"Integrative Cases† positioned at the end of each main part of the text were created exclusively for this edition and provide opportunities for reading and analysis outside of class. Review questions provided for each case are intended to facilitate lively and productive written analysis or in-class discussion. Our â€Å"Brief Integrative Cases† typically explore a specific situation or challenge facing an individual or team. Our longer and more detailed â€Å"In-Depth IntegrativeRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesAdministration Subtitle D—Community Living Assistance Services and Supports Subtitle E—Miscellaneous DIVISION D—INDIAN HEALTH CARE IMPROVEMENT TITLE I—AMENDMENTS TO INDIAN LAWS TITLE II—IMPROVEMENT OF INDIAN HEALTH CARE PROVIDED UNDER THE SOCIAL SECURITY ACT 2 DIVISION A—AFFORDABLE HEALTH CARE CHOICES 3 SEC. 100. PURPOSE; TABLE OF CONTENTS OF DIVISION; 1 4 GENERAL DEFINITIONS. rmajette on DSK29S0YB1PROD with BILLS 5 (a) PURPOSE.— 6 (1) IN 7 GENERAL.—The Read MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesLeadership Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 1.4.1 Managing the portfolio 1.4.3 Strategy and projects 2.3 Stakeholders and review boards 12.1 RFP’s and vendor selection (.3.4.5) 11.2.2.6 SWAT analysis 6.5.2.7 Schedule compression 9.4.2.5 Leadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Chapter 11 Teams Chapter 3 Organization: Structure and Culture 2.4.1 Organization cultures [G.7] 2.4.2 Organization structureRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesproviding a voice of reason amidst all the consultancy excitement of seemingly new ways of costing the business world. He has played a similar role in the area of accounting standard setting, both taking forward the British tradition of the economic analysis of financial accounting and, of possibly greater significance, providing some very original analyses of the possibilities for meaningful accounting standardization. With an agenda as rich as this, it is all the more praiseworthy that Michael maintained

Feminism And Its Effects On Society - 1173 Words

For the past few decades, â€Å"feminism† has been portrayed as women who hate men and think all men are evil. True â€Å"feminists† define it as achieving equal political, economical, and social rights for women. Though more and more people are starting to realize the true meaning, its the negative assumptions that are stuck in people’s mind. The media is to blame for misguiding people because of these false accusations. Feminist still faced problems in today’s society. Many people are made to believe that problems do not exist, and others just simply overlook them. It is not much of a gender issue, but it is a humanity issue. I believe that feminist are dealt with more problems that society is even aware of. Even though women has been treated more equally over the years, problems that feminist face are still relevant in today s society because the contributions that women have made are being overlooked, women are not treated equal to men in the workplace , and the media has stereotyped the â€Å"typical women†. While some say women are usually smarter than men and are more qualified, people against feminism believe that women are great at retaining information without thinking too deeply about it. Anti-feminists believe that women do not challenge a theory’s assumption or deeply think about the logical standpoint behind certain assumptions. Throughout the history of philosophy, even back to Plato and Socrates, women do not appear. Even back to huge discoveries in science and economics,Show MoreRelatedThe Effect of Feminism on Society816 Words   |  3 PagesIn the average workplace, women earn 22% less salary than men regardless of their work ethic or what they have to offer to their employer (Lowen). Women around the world have been treated like they hold less significance to society dating back to the ancient Romans. This leads many to question: why does it matter now? In the ever growing and changing world known to day women need to take a stand for what they are worth. Many of these strong willed women that are looking for change are leading charactersRead MoreFeminism And Its Effect On Society1509 Words   |  7 Pages In our modern society there is a word that can be said that can make grown men cringe and conservative parents worry and strike up discussions and debates anywhere you go. This word carries a lot of weight but is never quite taken seriously.The word is known by many people but not fully understood by the masses. The word being referred to is Feminism and it is phenomenon that has been around for years but has been spreading through people everywhere. Feminism is a movement created to help everyoneRead MoreFeminism And Its Effect On Society946 Words   |  4 Pagespatients diagnosed with AIDS were assumed to be gay. This ignorant perspective negatively branded the gay community, which caused homosexual men to feel as if they must repress their true selves in order to successfully function and fit into American society. A fact to be noted is that though Angels in America was written as a sort of advocacy for gay men, there is a clear presence of femininity that is important to discuss. Femininity is, by definition, the womanliness of something. This play challengesRead MoreFeminism : A Negative Effect On Society1608 Words   |  7 Pagesequality with men. They have been held back and their opportunities taken away from them because of the fact that they’re women. Feminism has had a profound negative effect in the past and is still having a negative effect in the high profile of modern society. Feminism is still as relevant today as it was when women were fighting for their right to vote. In modern society, women and men aren’t thought of equals, when compared to the strong, dominant male. Females are often thought of as inferior andRead MoreBlack Feminism : A Profound Effect On Society s History3616 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction Black Feminism has proven to have a profound effect on society’s history, and is now beginning to impact even more this day and age. Black feminism is broader than what comes to mind. It is an essential component of black struggle against oppression and authority. Generally Black feminism is used to empower and liberate black women. Throughout the years many liberals have tried to exclude and silence black feminist. Black feminist have demanded for social, economic and political equalityRead MoreThe Rise Of Social Media And Its Impact On The Feminism Movement Essay1542 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Feminism Movement Abstract: The new media Internet, social media platforms, has been an increasingly popular tool for feminists to promote the feminism movement. With the broad reach of the internet and social media, this has led to a wider awareness of the feminist movement. The broad reach of the internet and social media however has also open the female gender to various levels of objectification. This paper reviews the research that has been done regarding the effect thatRead More Feminist Approaches to Social Work1641 Words   |  7 Pagessocial work in today’s society. It will first look at the different types of feminism that are present in society. It will then trace and highlight the emergence of feminism in society. This essay will then delve deeper into the different types of approaches that were taken on by feminists within the field of social work. It will discuss what effect these approaches had on society especially women. According to Hooks (2000) as cited in Considine and Dukelow (2009:141) â€Å"Feminism is a movement to endRead MoreThe Media Shape And Reinforce Feminism1477 Words   |  6 PagesThe Media Shape and Reinforce Feminism Why cannot female characters be stronger? The role of media is representing the social status that reflects the actual situation of the female in society’s different aspects. However, female characters do not have enough representation because males take most of the important roles in different kinds of media. Female characters are always represented as one-sided and more reliant on male characters. Even though there is a trend of misrepresentation of femalesRead MoreLiberal Feminism vs. Radical Feminism Essay1490 Words   |  6 PagesLiberal Feminism and Radical Feminism The goal of feminism as both a social movement and political movement is to make women and men equal not only culturally, but socially and legally. Even though there are various types of feminism that focus on different goals and issues, the ultimate end to feminism is abolishing gender inequality that has negative effects on women in our society. The issues and goals that a feminist may have are dependent on the social organization or the type of economicRead MoreInstitutions Project1702 Words   |  7 PagesFor a very long time in the U.S. society, women of color have suffered too much oppression and discrimination from in many forms including on racial, class, and gender grounds. They have been subordinated, experience restricted participation in existing social institutions, and structurally placed in roles that have limited opportunities. Their congregation includes African Americans, the Asian Americans, the Latinas and others. There case has been made even worse by the fact that being a weaker

Health and Safety Based Hazard at Workplace-Samples for Students

Question: Describe the workplace, the hazards and how this safety breach could have been avoided. What actually happened and how did Safework resolve this issue? What could have been done differently and how would you address this if you worked in this workplace? Answer: Introduction It is the basic responsibility of an organization to save or protect the employees against any kind of health and safety based hazard at workplace. The employees have all the right to know and understand about the prospective hazards and refuse the work that they believe and it can be very dangerous. Background Employees also have the accountability to operate in safe manner with a lot of hazardous materials. The concept of health and safety bound to exist in every kind of workplace (Hofmann et al, 2017). It can be recognized easily as well as corrected while there are other that can create a highly dangerous case that can become a threat in organization as well as long term health of the people. Outline The best way it can be saved is by learning to identify and save all the hazards in the workplace. Thesis Statement The major focus of the work is emphasized on the safety breaches that are possible at the workplace and what could be the best measures to resolve them? Discussion Safety Hazards The occupational hazard at the workplace is mainly encompassing the chemical, biological and the physical hazards. According to the US, National Institutive for the Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), a proper conduct for the workplace investigations and the research address about the long term and the short terms risks which are associated with the workplace. This includes the occupational safety and the health related to the increased risks of developing the cancer or the heart disease. The safety protocols are mainly to conduct through the hazard assessment at all the working environment and the equipment. Hence, for the unsafe working conditions, the safety hazards can lead to the injury illness and death. Workplace hazards As discussed, every organization bound to have hazards but in the current time it has become crucial to recognize that which one has become the most potential hazard that can harm the employees. It is also important to recognize all the hazards at the workplace and one must be prepared to completely control as well as remove them and save any kind of accidents, injuries and downtime etc. First thing which is crucial here is any kind of safety based protocol is based on the conduct a detailed assessment of the hazards of all kind of work culture and tools (Beus et al, 2016). Following is the detailed discussion where the safety hazards: It also covers anything that can also cause falls as well as work from a certain height, consisting ladders, roofs or any kind of raised level for work area. When it is the case of unguarded machinery and further moving it towards machinery parts that any worker can touch by accident (Carayon et al, 2015). There are ethical hazards as well like missing pins for ground, frayed cords, improper wire among confined spaces. Some of the physical hazards are the factors which can consist of any kind of factors within the boundaries of the environment that can further harm the body without touching it. It consists of the radiation consisting non-ionizing or ionizing like microwaves, EMFs etc. Another example is the elevated level of exposure to many ultraviolet rays or sunlight, extreme temperature conditions, continuous noise with loud voices. The ergonomic hazards happen when the kind of work with different body positions as well as working conditions that put a lot of strain on the body. It is very hard to spot because people dont always with sudden notices on the strain on the body or any kind of hard that such hazards pose (Estabrooks Glasgow, 2014). There are many short-term exposures as well that can result with sore muscles and the very next day or in days to come followed by the exposure however, the exposure in long term can b e a solution for so many serious long-term illnesses. Some of the hazards related to this are the workstation which is improper and adjusted along with chairs, constant lifting, poor kind of posture, vibrations etc. The chemical hazards are present when the worker is constantly exposed to any kind of chemical based preparation in the workplace in any kind be it liquid, gas and solid. Some elements are safe than others however for some workers one must be sensitive to certain kind of chemicals and this happens with simple solutions as well which lead to illness or irritation on skin or breathing issues (Nielsen et al, 2016). One should be very careful with any kind of liquid like cleansing product or paints or solvents specifically when chemicals are in container which is not labelled, fumes or vapours that come from exposure of solvents and welding. It is important to take hold of the gases in the form of propane, acetylene, carbon monoxide as well as helium, material which is flamm able like solvents, gasoline as well as explosive chemicals. The work organization hazards can cause a lot of stress which can be short term and strain which can be long term impacts. Such kind of hazards related with workplace problems like workload, lack of respect or control and many more (Basok et al, 2014). Following are some of the examples like the demands from workload, violence in workplace, elevated level of intensity and pace. The other disbalance in the system comes in the flexibility, control and sexual harassment. Evidence How workplace safety breach can be avoided Some of the strategies which could be taken into consideration are the collaboration and communication, where, according to the saying, the concept of safety is based on job and the communication is important for building a culture where the employees and their wellbeing is a top priority. To bridge the gap that exist between the department and recognizing the holes in the current safety based protocols is possible especially when collaborating which is supported with many enterprise level techniques. The associated GRC platforms that make sure better health as well as safety of process, rapid and efficient for the important audiences (van der Vorm et al, 2015). It also consists of right kind of documenting with automated and provide escalated procedures reviews for partners, clients as well as external agencies that can conduct the audits. This further helps in contributing to a more effective, connected safety and health program with less time wasted on duplicated efforts and sort any kind of confusion created by the process which is manual. In the risk visibility, the leadership program and executive level of involvement is set with health as well as safety that will never be completely integrating into operational risk based portfolio. There are so many risk leaders that requires to see operational, information based security as well as third party based risks in related to the company. Incorporation of health as well as safety based risks into this complete risk analysis not only enhances the visibility and impact the health as well as safety based risks for the executives however it also enhances awareness and it also foster a culture of safety at every level inside as well as outside the company (Egelhoff et al, 2015). High amount of visibility of workforce issues associated with safety at the executive level which produces the more responsibility and motivates all the stakeholders to considering health as well as safety that impacts all the aspects of the business. There are so many accidents which are repeated tha t are specifically not accepted and can be penalized in harsh manner by civil courts. These cases can be ignored completely with the usage of automated machines for the proper tracking procedure and gathering performance based data. Analysing the data in connection to track procedure and collect performance data (Hale et al, 2015). Evaluating the data in connection to the workplace based accidents, remedy efforts, adherence of the policy and training effectiveness. Improved level accidents resilience leads to risk exposure as well as liability rises the long problems that go completely undetected and un-resolved. The process is slow as well as ineffective with responses to workplace cases that can lead to repeated accidents and brand damage and intense scrutiny from varied regulators. Hence, it is important to focus on the workforce input where the risk management is in integrated manner that help in making sure all the important tasks are finished. For instance, safety teams must m ake sure that all the workers gain clarity on the policies and process by rightly tracking as well as documenting the participation in needed safety based training and administer the quizzes (Hale et al, 2015). It goes beyond any kind of policy and process, employees must also access to unnamed online portals via consisting the conveying concerns or ideas for workplace and safety based improvement without any fear of retaliating. Conclusion The safety hazards are related to the unsafe working conditions that could lead to the injury, illness and the death. It is important to focus on the unguarded machinery and the working parts at the workplace so that the issues could be ignored. Company cannot reach an effective level of risk management without consisting health and safety into the overall operational risk program. Summary of Main Point Every organisation whether large or small should focus on the safety hazards and work towards the people management of the resources. This is important for working over with the work activities as well as the other working conditions that put a strain on the body. Recommendations It is crucial to initiate a careful and detailed assessment of health and safety based management capabilities with data integration and internal case of restrictions to collaborate (Hale et al, 2015). Integration of health and safety challenges into operational level risk that can report to the management as well as to the board that will assist and raise the profile of the safety of workplace so that it can more closely aligned with strategic level planning with business goals and corporate level accountability initiatives. References Basok, T., Hall, A., Rivas, E. (2014). Claiming rights to workplace safety: Latin American immigrant workers in Southwestern Ontario.Canadian Ethnic Studies,46(3), 35-53. Beus, J. M., McCord, M. A., Zohar, D. (2016). Workplace safety: A review and research synthesis.Organizational psychology review,6(4), 352-381. Carayon, P., Hancock, P., Leveson, N., Noy, I., Sznelwar, L., Van Hootegem, G. (2015). Advancing a sociotechnical systems approach to workplace safetydeveloping the conceptual framework.Ergonomics,58(4), 548-564. Egelhoff, C., Katz, M., Brosseau, L. M., Hennrikus, D. (2015). Creating a representative sample of small manufacturing businesses for an integrated workplace safety and smoking cessation intervention study.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine/American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,57(7), 772. Estabrooks, P. A., Glasgow, R. E. (2014). Worksite interventions. InCambridge Handbook of Psychology, Health and Medicine, Second Edition. Cambridge University press. Hale, A., Borys, D., Adams, M. (2015). Safety regulation: the lessons of workplace safety rule management for managing the regulatory burden.Safety science,71, 112-122. Hofmann, D. A., Burke, M. J., Zohar, D. (2017). 100 years of occupational safety research: From basic protections and work analysis to a multilevel view of workplace safety and risk. Kritzler, M., Bckman, M., Tenflt, A., Michahelles, F. (2015, November). Wearable technology as a solution for workplace safety. InProceedings of the 14th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia(pp. 213-217). ACM. Nielsen, M. B., Skogstad, A., Matthiesen, S. B., Einarsen, S. (2016). The importance of a multidimensional and temporal design in research on leadership and workplace safety.The Leadership Quarterly,27(1), 142-155. van der Vorm, J., Nugent, R., O'Sullivan, L. (2015). Safety and Risk Management in designing for the lifecycle of an exoskeleton: A novel process developed in the Robo-Mate project.Procedia Manufacturing,3, 1410-1417.

The Musical Essays - English-language Films, Film Genres

The Musical The classical period of the musical coincided with the heyday of the Hollywood studios from the early thirties to the early fifties. The conventions of the integrated musical were formed in the Astaire--Rogers musicals made at RKO in the thirties and the form peaked at MGM in the forties and early fifties, most notably in films produced by Arthur Freed. Thomas Schatz has provided a useful definition of the integrated musical. `Rather than create a realistic --or at least plausible --world whose inhabitants find reasonable motives for breaking into song (rehearsals, shows, etc.) the music itself seems to determine the attitudes, values and demeanour of the principal characters. As the musical genre evolved it sacrificed plausibility for internal narrative logic, steadily expanding its range of narrative, visual and musical expression'. The nature of integration in the film musical lies not simply in the idea that the music and the dances, in particular, should advance the plot but also suggests integration with the entire cinematic process. Integration involves not only choreographing the dances for the camera but also involves the general movement of the film from camerawork to editing. In other words the film is a total piece in which the numbers not only evolve from the narrative but also, in turn, influence the narrative. This integration was first fully realised in the Freed--Kelly--Donen musicals e.g. On the Town and Singin' in the Rain. At the centre of the integrated musical is modern dance where the body is used without restrictions of style and method, almost spontaneously. This becomes the means of psychological expression through movement. The musical's special power as a genre has been to embody an American popular mythology. By doubling romantic relationships with the energy and beauty of song and dance, the musical endows courting with magical qualities. Music and spectacle were generated by the energy of successful courtship. The loss of status of singing and courtship, as uniquely valuable activities to be celebrated, coincided with the decline of the studio system. The thirties and forties were the great decades for the musical with an average of between forty and fifty per year being produced. By the seventies this had declined to single figures. Seven video packages designed for use in the study of the musical have recently been added to the Film and Video Lending Collection designed for use in the study of the musical. Each package is made up of either two or three VHS videocassettes and notes which contextualise the packages within the genre and place them in relation to other musicals in the Film Study Collection on film. The notes also provide specific suggestions for the use of extracts from the films on videocassette. Films on both VHS and 16mm are organised below into three sub-genres (fairytale, show and folk) proposed by Rick Altman. Not all musicals fall neatly within boundaries of one of these sub-genres. It's Always Fair Weather, for example, as a whole operates as an urban folk musical but the satire of television in the last third of the film draws it towards the show musical. Although Altman locates Ziegfield Follies in the fairytale sub-genre it seems marginally placed between the fairytale and show musical. Ostensibly a tribute to the Follies it lacks any unifying narrative. Although the introductory numbers --`Bring on the Beautiful Girls' and `Bring on the Wonderful Men' --display sexual desire as a motive force, this is not consistently maintained through the series of musical numbers and comedy sketches that follow. The Fairytale Musical This sub-genreborrowed massively from a long (pre-cinema) tradition of European and American operettas. Methods are a combination of those used by the fairytale and the romantic comedy. In the early sound years (1929--1934) the sexual energy driving the plot is clearly acknowledged (sex as sex) e.g. in The Love Parade, Love Me Tonight and One Hour With You. In the climate created by the tightening of censorship the Astaire--Rogers classics made at RKO disguise the sexual energy that drives the plot behind a mask of courtship battles (sex as battle). Sexual energy is sublimated onto the process of courtship through the energy, repartee and adversary relationships associated with battle. The progression of the Astaire--Rogers

Katy pery roar free essay sample

The song I chose to analyze is â€Å"Roar† sung by Katy Perry. Dr. Luke and Bonnie McKee wrote the lyrics. She is a fabulous singer and is only 29 years old. She is an American award-winning singer, songwriter, businesswoman, philanthropist, sex symbol, and actress from Santa Barbara. She is the first female artist to have five number one singles on the U. S. Billboard Hot 100 from one album. Roar is a song about being able to finally speak up for yourself. † It’s an empowerment stomper about transforming oneself from a passive being to a fiery person who can stand up for his or herself. The song has given much hope to many and relays a message of courage and strength. Many groups have used it as their theme song as well as dying teens and people with disabilities. Katy even had a contest on Good Morning America for high schools to interpret the song and she selected the best interpretation and sang the song live for them at their school. We will write a custom essay sample on Katy pery roar or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The winning school produced a video, which showed the entire school coming together and working as a team to show school spirit. Katy selected them because it demonstrated cohesiveness of the student body and organization. It encompassed every student showing that they have the courage to work together as a group to form a strong common bond. In analyzing the lyrics of the song, Katy said, â€Å"Roar is a song that I sing to really stand up for myself, finally, and hopefully people are going to adopt that same message. † I stood for nothing, so I fell for everything† can mean she didn’t have something to believe in and strive for, she would fall for anything including things people said. In the pre chorus it says, â€Å"You held me down, but I got up (hey! Already brushing off the dust,† means her enemies, ex husband or musical obstacles, pinned her to the ground, preventing her from reaching her highest potential. Except it didn’t last. As soon as she breaks free, she’s already ready to lash back with both her claws, and her voice. In the chorus the words are â€Å"I got the eye of the tiger, a fighter Dancing through the fire Cause I am a champion, and you’re gonna hear me roar Louder, louder than a lion Cause I am a champion, and you’re gonna hear me roar! † This could mean that she is a fighter trying to survive and she gives an example of a tiger because that’s what a tiger does. She is fighting to take her life back from her abuser. She has had enough of the abuse and realizes she deserves so much better. The next part means to have fun while doing it. The next stanza is when she finally gets through her struggles. She is screaming from excitement. In verse two her first line is â€Å" I’m floating like a butterfly, this is personification. She is happy now and flying free. At last she is free from the hardships that have left her grounded. In the lines: â€Å"I guess that I forgot I had a choice. I let you push me past the breaking point. I stood for nothing, so I fell for everything† Katy describes how many victims feel in abusive relationships. Katy uses different writing techniques in the song. As previously mentioned she uses personification. She uses some rhyming as in the lines, â€Å"You hear my voice, you hear that sound, Like thunder gonna shake the ground. † This can be interpreted as when she finally gets angry enough she will yell (or roar) and it will be loud enough so every one will hear her. â€Å"Stinging like a bee, I earned my stripes† is an example of a metaphor. She shows that she can rebound and stand tall when others are not expecting it. She won’t be timid and invisible and will demonstrate that she can be strong when least expected. The tune to the song is very upbeat. Katy starts singing it rather slow, softly and monophonic. When she sings about how she is going to fight back and not take it anymore, the music becomes louder as if she is roaring for the world to hear. The strophic post chorus, â€Å"You’re gonna hear me roar† is repeated as her way of telling her audience of how she is going to react to the situations she gets in. She is going to fight to defeat anything that will be detrimental to her and when she does win, she will scream so everyone will know she is the winner. This song is significant to me because it shows that all people, including celebrities, when they have a hard time with something, can get through it. This means that anyone can put his/her heart out to change and fight and want to do it. I know that I have had many obstacles and challenges in my life in which I have fought to overcome, so today instead of hiding, I am roaring.

University of Utah Admissions Data and Acceptance Rate

University of Utah Admissions Data and Acceptance Rate Are you interested in attending​ the  University of Utah? They accept more than three-quarters of all applicants. See more about their admissions requirements. Located in Salt Lake City, the University of Utah is publicly funded with a significant research focus. For its strength in the liberal arts and sciences, the University of Utah was awarded a chapter of Phi Beta Kappa. The Colleges of Business, Engineering, Humanities, and Social Sciences enroll the most students at U of U. The university draws students from all 50 states and over 100 countries, and the tuition for both in-state and out-of-state students is lower than the majority of public universities. On the athletic front, the Utah Utes compete in the NCAA Division I Pac 12 Conference. Will you get in? Calculate your chances of getting in with this free tool from Cappex. Admissions Data (2016) University of Utah Acceptance Rate: 76  percentGPA, SAT and ACT Graph for U of U AdmissionsTest Scores: 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 520 / 640SAT Math: 530 / 660SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanSAT comparison for Utah collegesPac 12 SAT comparisonACT Composite: 21 / 27ACT English: 21 / 28ACT Math: 20 / 27ACT Writing: - / -What these ACT numbers meanACT comparison for Utah collegesPac 12 ACT comparison Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 31,860  (23,789 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 54  percent Male / 46 percent Female72  percent Full-time Costs (2016-17) Tuition and Fees: $8,518 (in-state); $27,039 (out-of-state)Books: $1,232 (why so much?)Room and Board: $9,406Other Expenses: $3,678Total Cost: $22,834 (in-state); $41,355 (out-of-state) University of Utah Financial Aid (2015-16) Percentage of Students Receiving Aid: 87  percentPercentage of Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 79 percentLoans: 30  percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $7,259Loans: $8,001 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors: Accounting, Biology, Business Administration, Communication Studies, Economics, English, Exercise Science, Finance, Global Studies, Human Development, Mass Communication, Mechanical Engineering, Nursing, Political Science, Psychology, SociologyWhat major is right for you? Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Retention and Graduation Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 90  percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 29  percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 65  percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports: Football, Golf, Skiing, Swimming, Tennis, Basketball, BaseballWomens Sports: Softball, Soccer, Track and Field, Volleyball, Basketball, Gymnastics, Skiing If You Like the University of Utah, You May Also Like These Schools Utah State University: ProfileBrigham Young University - Provo: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Arizona: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBoise State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Oregon: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphArizona State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphOregon State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphColorado State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Idaho: ProfileSouthern Utah University: Profile University of Utah Mission Statement mission statement from http://president.utah.edu/news-events/university-mission-statement/ The mission of the University of Utah is to serve the people of Utah and the world through the discovery, creation and application of knowledge; through the dissemination of knowledge by teaching, publication, artistic presentation and technology transfer; and through community engagement. As a preeminent research and teaching university with national and global reach, the University cultivates an academic environment in which the highest standards of intellectual integrity and scholarship are practiced. Students at the University learn from and collaborate with faculty who are at the forefront of their disciplines. The University faculty and staff are committed to helping students excel. We zealously preserve academic freedom, promote diversity and equal opportunity, and respect individual beliefs. We advance rigorous interdisciplinary inquiry, international involvement, and social responsibility. Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

Gender Stereotypes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Gender Stereotypes - Essay Example Are men better at science than women? Does science sexist? Are scientists sexist? These are some of the questions, which one needs to critically analyze before coming to any conclusion. If one would have evaluated this question a couple of centuries ago then the answer would have varied to a huge extent as compared to what a person keeps an opinion of his or her today that is in the modern world. It is a fact that, just like a society or community, culture and traditions of a society have a crucial impact on an individual’s morale, motivation and performance but there has still been a dearth of evidence for this crucial concept and there have been varied opinions and views in this regard. We have to closely analyze the role of culture regarding this very important opinion. We have to analyze from the origins of science when there were not really big names in science. Though there have been some important contributions made to science from female scientists such as Marie Curie, who was known for the invention of radioactivity and radium. However, most of the contributions in science have been made by male scientists. The list includes famous scientists such as Archimedes who was known for Archimedes’s principle and Archimedes’s screw, Aristotle who was known for his noble ideas such as golden mean and Aristotelian logic and many others including Leonardo-Da-Vinci, Galileo Galilee, Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and Albert Einstein etc who have been famous for their contributions towards science.

Social media and employees and employers Research Paper

Social media and employees and employers - Research Paper Example Individuals started to build online persona. In reality, some information is very confidential to the extent no one would want to share with their family and certainly not with a professional hiring manager. Individuals are using this new data base in of personal information in questionable ways ethically. The lack of regulations, clear guidelines, has led to dissemination of information across the internet for a purpose other than that intended. Employment screening is one of the more infringements to the rights to Facebook users. To understand fully the current ethical issues on Facebook, it’s vital to comprehend history and evolution of social networking website (Engler & Tanoury, 2011) Facebook evolved in the month of February 2004 by a scholar of Harvard. Its main purpose was to enhance communication among students through an easy access on online network. Surprisingly in just weeks almost half of Harvard undergraduate’s class were signed in as members. Zuckerberg who created Facebook took on the help of two of his friends, so as to expand Facebook for it looked like a profitable venture. They established its headquarters in Palo Alto in the same year. Facebook received a large amount of investment capital, which enhanced its, rapid growth across the country to hundreds of colleges and millions of member’s. Initially Facebook was only for college students at select universities. Due to its small target group it left a large market space for other social networking sites, particularly, MySpace to attract and incorporate those excluded (Engler & Tanoury, 2011) These automatically helped MySpace gunner more users than Facebook. In order to increase their users, Facebook introduced high school users, which boosted their increase in membership. Still Facebook was experiencing marketing problems. Its users at the completion of college would feel out of place and transfer their account to a more appropriate network such as work network. Press ure mounting on then from capital banker’s lead to them allowing not only scholars but anybody who wanted membership. These saw their users rise rapidly universally. Facebook and MySpace are two competitive media networks. MySpace is seen as having a more chaotic appearance due to its pages being business oriented and customizable features. Facebook, on the other hand, is viewed as a more private network compared to MySpace. In Facebook users are more open in giving their biography. Contrary, to that, MySpace users use fictions names rather than their real identity. Facebook had a reputation of baring unwanted viewers as compared to MySpace. However new policies have made it possible for employers to access valuable information of the applicant that was once unavailable to them (Engler & Tanoury, 2011). This article notes why potential employees, as part of hiring background check, monitor current employee’s social media sites. It also explores if an employee should be made aware of his information being accessed before it takes place. Finally, this note will propose a solution for the competing interests of individuals, Individuals desiring freedom and the employers desiring quality employees. Employers dig information about an applicant to ensure the best candidate is selected. One fit for the vacant position, in that he is capable to meet the organizational goals. To obtain such information, a variety of

Reggio Emilia Essay Example for Free

Reggio Emilia Essay The Reggio Emilia approach focuses on a childs natural development. Its child-centered and directed, taking the philosophy that learning must make sense to the student in order to be effective and meaningful. A childs point of view is completely respected and the student is encouraged to follow their own educational path. The method follow four key principles: The Reggio Emilia philosophy is based upon the following set of principles: children must have some say over what they learn; the senses play a big role in the learning process children must be able to touch, move, listen, see and hear in order to fully process something; children are encouraged to interact with other children and explore the world through material items and relationships; children should be encouraged to always express themselves and be given infinite means and opportunities to do so. Parental involvement is invited and encouraged. Many parents volunteer in the classroom and employ many of the methods found in the classroom at home. A variety of materials are used clay, paint, dramatic play among others. The approach was founded in the villages around Reggio Emilia, Italy after World War II. Parents were looking for a way to teach their children and found that the early years of development were the best time to help children figure out who they are as individuals. What is Documentation? Among many other possibilities, documentation is visible listening. The term documentation conjures up different meanings for different people. To our minds, one of the primary features of documentation as practiced in Reggio Emilia is a focus on how and what children learn. This focus is reminiscent of careful listening; thus, documentation, in many ways, is visible listening. Some of the elements of documentation include: conducting careful observations eveloping questions and tentative answers about how and what children are learning collecting evidence of individual and group learning interpreting observations and evidence in relation to your question(s) inviting others interpretations using the information to guide future teaching starting all over again Documentation can take many formsobservation notes, partial transcripts, audiotapes, a list of students responses to a prompt, photographs or videos of individual and group learning, and adult or student analyses of or reflections on student work.

Strategic Recommendations for Red Bull

Strategic Recommendations for Red Bull Keeping the Red Bull Flying - Strategic Recommendations to Build  the Brand and Drive Revenue Growth Since its launch in 1995 in Austria, Red Bull has, in essence, created the hip and fashionable category of â€Å"functional energy drinks†. Its marketing program has been the epitome of â€Å"buzz† marketing in which pull strategies are utilized to expand product distribution methodically on a global scale. The promotion of Red Bull has been pure and focused on the elements of the product: the distinctive silver and blue 250mL can, the singular marketplace offering, the unique logo and underlying mantra â€Å"Energy Drink† followed by a campaign of selective introduction to the particularly â€Å"cool† consumers via sampling and endorsement by personalities synonymous with the brand personality of the product. Judging by results alone, the remarkably consistent (albeit with the notable inconsistency of the United Kingdom product introduction) marketing plan has been a tremendous success as evidenced by the entrance of so many â€Å"me-too† products. Despite the entry of the â€Å"big dogs† (i.e., Coca-Cola, Pepsi, et al), Red Bull had managed to achieve sales of near $1billion by the end of 2001. The success of the bran is also evident by the exorbitant price premium that consumer are willing to pay ($1.99 $3.00) for just 8.3 fluid ounces of product that was until recently, only available in a single serving (initial offering of 4- packs retained the pricing per ounce of the single serving size). The targeted audience for this product is, â€Å"anyone†¦ who is fatigued [mentally or physically].† Despite this shotgun approach, penetration is far deeper in younger demographics, especially the 14-19 groups (65% in Austria, 28% in the UK). A large part of the product’s continuing success is the uniform consistency of the brand image as it is positioned in each market. Competing on the basis of a premium product consumable by anyone with the universal need to reduce fatigue, the product has taken first-mover advantage and remained on top by the maintenance of a premium product that fulfills a ‘commoditized-niche’ need of the consumer. In terms of the Red Bull’s competitive position, the emergence of the category and the success of Red Bull has created a highly competitive field of me-too and novel products. Despite this competition, Red Bull remains a large but niche product that has become a powerful â€Å"original† brand. Threats to their market position include the wake of new and existing products from companies with deep pockets, extensive distribution networks and substantial marketing prowess – some of the 75% (in the UK) market share will be lost (Choeke 2005, p.3; Clark 2005; Euromonitor 2005, p. 3). The opportunities that Red Bull has are a direct result of their weaknesses: a single product made in a single location. This is the epitome of the clichà © that warns against putting all one’s eggs into a single basket. As a consequence, Red Bull places a strong emphasis on conservative inventory strategies by having 45 – 60 days of products at distribution centers (in the US) (Modern Materials Handling 2005), p. 11). While the emphasis on being at the shelf is admirable, this represents a significant (up to almost 17%) of ones annual volume sitting around – 17% of one’s annual revenue tied up in accounts receivables. To continue to build upon this success, it is recommended that Red Bull consider a two-fold strategy. First, there is considerable equity in the brand and the beverage that can be leveraged significantly in a brand extension of a product such as an ‘energy bar’. The key risk of this strategy is that the pure, singular product offering of today will be diluted. Despite this risk, the extension of what Red Bull actually represents does not necessarily dilute but can likely reinforce the idea that the brand of Red Bull represents, â€Å"what you consume [not just drink] when you are fatigued† versus the more restricted â€Å"drink† cateogory. By redefining the frame-of-reference, the category can be effectively extended and a like-branded product such as â€Å"Red Bull Solid Fuel† can effectively capture money left on the table while presenting minimal risks for damaging the current substantial brand equity of the beverage product alone. This brand exte nsion is compatible with the spirit of the current product, a key factor in the likelihood of consumers accepting and even embracing an additional product (Yeung Wyer 2005, p. 495). An alternative to â€Å"SolidFuel† is an additional beverage such as a sports drink. While this is a legitimate possibility, the risk of brand dilution is greater as both products are beverages though intended for different consumers. SolidFuel is a different but related category that seeks to gain a larger share of wallet though not necessarily expanding the existing customer base. This product will complement rather than potentially compete with the original Red Bull product and utilize the paradigm of a â€Å"branded house† rather than a house of [potentially competing] brands (Aaker Joachimsthaler 2000, p. 9), In addition to efforts to grow revenues through brand extensions, an additional recommendation alluded to earlier, it that Red Bull should expand production from solely Austrailia to a site in Europe and North America. By having a single facility to product product for a globe, unnecessary costs are being built into the supply chain. In addition to being forced to produce, manage, move and store massive quantities of material, there is the presence of a great deal of risk if something should happen. With but a few additional sites, risk can be virtually eliminated and distribution and holding costs significantly reduced. To address the concern of the fact that Red Bull is perceived to be a niche’ product, it is recommended that a action be taken to build brand awareness and specifically to penetrate both deeper and in additional demographic segments, it is recommended that Red Bull develop mass media advertisements such as television spots. These clips should feature a key â€Å"fatigue driver†. By this, it is meant that activities besides extreme physical exertion should be utilized such as: A long road-trip – This should feature a middle-aged, yet well-groomed commercial truck driver that focuses on a route map. This map should prominently feature a long line which traverses several states. Further, this individual should eschew coffee, instead, he should be shown enthusiastically consuming a Red Bull . A series of ‘relentless’ meetings – This clip should show a clock indicating an early hour and a business meeting ‘in progress’ that, according to the clock, keeps going. Similar to the above example, the shot should demonstrate that Red Bull is an attractive alternive or substitute for coffee and could also play upon the feature s of consistent quality of Red Bull (versus the variance of a secretary’s coffee making skill). A grueling school assignment – The obvious shot would include a study group at a late hour†¦ just beginning to study for a major test of solve a lengthy problem. Of course, Red Bull is there. Each of the above scenarios are representative of mental or physical fatigue and the â€Å"break-through† that can be attained by the key benefits and attribute of the Red Bull product. These also particularly lend themselves both to brand extension and extensions of the current ‘most likely to use’ demographic segment. In summary, Red Bull has seen seemingly indefatigable success of a single product. By taking steps to simultaneously launch â€Å"SolidFuel†, the result will be the success that is achieved simply by meeting the already expressed needs and desires of the marketing with a product that is positioned to leverage the current awareness, recognition, and image of the current product. As this strategy entails the creation of a category-extension, there is minimal risk of the dilution of the powerful core brand value and the image that is currently held. Further, to maintain and even build the markets for these products, Red Bull should move away from the successful cartoon-type advertisements and focus on the â€Å"next thing† for a fickle consumer mass. This advertising should be of an experiential nature that focuses on situation in which Red Bull [products] can be utilized for a key benefit while each advertisement â€Å"closes† with a central brand reinforcing image such as the Red Bull logo. Works Consulted Aaker, D., and Joachimsthaler, E. (2000, Summer). â€Å"The Brand Relationship Spectrum: The Key to the Brand Architecture Challenge†. California Management Review, (42)4, pp. 8-23. Choeke, M. (2005, October 11). â€Å"Coke Eyes Red Bull with Launch of Still Energy Drink†. Marketing Week. October 11, 2005 edition. Clark, N. (2005, December). â€Å"Coca-Cola adds Taurine to Product†. Marketing, December 14, 2005 edition. Euromonitor. (2005, December). â€Å"UK Market for Functional Drinks†. Euromonitor – Market Research Monitor. Accessed online March 9, 2006. Modern Materials Handling. (2005, December). â€Å"How Red Bull Puts a Charge in It’s Supply Chain†. Modern Materials Handling, p. 11. Yeung, C., and Wyers, R. (2005, November). â€Å"Does Loving a Product Mean Loving Its Products? The Role of Brand-Elicited Affect in Brand Extension Evaluations†. Journal of Marketing Research (42), pp. 495-506.

Product Level Planning

Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Market analysis 3 SWOT Analysis 4-7 Objectives 7 Marketing Strategy 8 Action Program 9 Financial Projection 10 Feedback & Control 10 Conclusion 11 References 11 Executive Summery Cement Industry is highly important segment of Bangladesh’s Industrial sector & Plays a vital role in socio-economic development.Although cement industry of Bangladesh has witnessed its ups & down in recent past but in last decade it has recovered & now it’s a self-sufficient industry of Bangladesh not only fulfilling domestic needs of Bangladesh also exporting a huge amount of cement to other countries, bringing foreign reserves & help in up lifting Bangladesh’s GDP. Bangladesh is currently operating at their maximum capacity due to the boom in commercial & industrial construction within Bangladesh.In this report I have selected ‘Anchor' cement, Olympic Cement Ltd (OCL) of ‘Khansons Group’ simply called gray cement & we will descr ibe how they do product planning for that? Khansons Group has extended its industrial arena by putting-up a clinker grinding cement plant named as ‘Olympic Cement Ltd'. The plant is located at Rupatoli, Barisal all in a row along with its textile industries. The finished product (cement) has been branded as ‘Anchor' & the same has become popular in the local market. This cement project commenced its initial production at 800 tpd and gradually increased the production to the level of 1,600 tpd.Olympic Cement Ltd (OCL) is one & only cement factory which has targeted to meet the entire demand of cement in Southern Bengal. As a result, OCL has concentrated its sales on a soaring trend by increasing production volume. OCL is maintaining the reputation of its quality product and aiming at the extended project in days to come. Current Market Situation Overall Market Situation Bangladesh cement industry is the 40th largest market in the world. There are 70+ cement factories in B angladesh and daily production capacity is 16. 687 Million MT.In January 2012, Bangladesh’s Export Promotion Bureau released data confirming that cement exports had witnessed a 21% increase in the first seven months of the current fiscal year (July 2011 – January 2012). The boost in the cement sector is because of the rising construction activity in the country & increasing development expenditure by the govt. Due to this the sales of cement sector will also rise every year. Product Situation Since Cement is a specialized product, requiring sophisticated infrastructure & production location, so, Most of the cement industries in Bangladesh are located near/within a river side that are rich in clay.Iron & mineral capacity so ‘Anchor’ cement is situated near to the bank of river ‘Kirton Khola’. Anchor cement installed capacity is 1,600 tpd at present with the turnover of 50 crore in a year. Competitive Situation: In competitive situation we will describe all the competitors of Anchor Cement producing gray cement. There are 70 + firms in the market along with Anchor Cement. All these companies are using different marketing tactics to grape as much market share as possible but they are acting like a cartel under the tree of APCMA.They are producing same quality of cement with all most same price and features that’s why competition in the market is very tough for local as well as foreign market. All are using same bulk & penetration strategies to cover major portion of the market. Some are using cost leadership strategy but due to cartel act behavior they are not getting the target results that they want to achieve. Currently Crown cement is the market leader while Anchor cement is a niche in the national market but it is the leader in the local market of Barisal & southern part of Bangladesh. Distribution Situation:Anchor Cement Company uses different channels of distributions to transfer the gray cement from company t o the different part of Bangladesh. †¢ACC > Whole Sellers > Retailor> Customer †¢ACC > Retailors> Customer †¢ACC > Customer †¢ACC > Regional Offices > w/s Retailors Macro-Environmental Situation Macro environmental factors directly or indirectly effect the production of the company & its market. Macro- Environmental factors are the factors that are not in the control of the company. These factors are†¦.. 1. Political 2. Law & order situation 3. Cultural values 4. Technological change . Demographic trends 6. Economic Condition 7. Inflation Opportunity & Issue Analysis After completing the market analysis now we will do analysis of opportunities & issues for the ACC. Opportunity is a chance of progress or advancement that is available in the market & the company has to avail it for the progress and profitability while issues are the weakness or threat for the company to avoid or settled down. For this purpose we have to do SWOT analysis of ACC. Strength of ACC Strengths are the internal positive factors of advantage that a company possesses. Following is the strength of ACC. Installed Capacity: Installed capacity of company is 16. 687 Million MT daily & they are producing 6007. 32 MT per annum so they can exceed the production easily by proper implementing their marketing mix strategies & it will directly increase profits of the company. oRaw Material: Anchor Cement Company is situated near the bank of the river kirtonkhola. So they can easily avail the huge reserve of raw materials with a very low cost as compare to other competitors’ as their cost of material is high. oHigh Quality of ACC: Quality of ACC is much better than the standard set by Bangladesh & importers.Quality of production is better than most of the competitors in the market. oCheap Labor: They are using cheap labor market of Bangladesh which is strength of them & due to this their price is low as compare to other compotators. oGood Govt. Policies: Local & federal govts. Policies are supportive & favorable to the cement sector. They are getting many benefits in term of electricity etc from BD govt. So over all ACC is enjoying good environment created by Government. Weakness of ACC Weaknesses are the internal negative factors of a company that should be avoided or to be controlled.Following are the negative factors of ACC. oNot Utilization of Full Capacity: ACC is not utilizing its full capacity of production of gray cement. They can produce more per annum so not utilizing their full capacity is also their disadvantage which they should convert it into opportunity. oFuel & Electricity Charges: ACC cost comprises more than 50% costs of fuel & electricity. So they should minimize these expenses as much as they can. It can really help them in uplifting their market share & growth & profit as well. They can convert their system or can generate their own electricity by investing in this sector. Management: ACC major boards of directors are from th e same family which is also a negative factor of them. So they should introduce competent personnel’s in the company for the growth. oFreight Charges: Freight or transportation charges to other parts of the country are also a problem for them which should be settled down as soon as possible. They should minimize their expenses to avail greater markets present in other parts of Bangladesh. Opportunities for ACC Opportunities are chances for progress or advancement that is available in the market and the company has to avail it for the progress and profitability.These are positive external factors. Following are the opportunities available for ACC. oGovernment Development Expenditure: Govt: is spending huge amount on development projects like roads, schools, hospitals, dams & infrastructure etc. ACC can avail these opportunities by responding on time to these projects. oConstruction of Big projects: Recently there are many big projects are going on Bangladesh like construction of Jamuna future park, many high rise buildings etc, also in nationwide & in Barisal.ACC should explore all these opportunities to increase its market share. oDemand of Bangladeshi Cement: Recently Bangladeshi cement demand is increasing day by day in foreign markets so ACC can improve its foreign market share. This will be very favorable & profitable for them. Threats for ACC Threats are the negative factors that are available in the external environments. These are unhidden threats that are waiting for & company should be ready or prepared to tickle down all these threats for their existence & survival. Following are the threats available for ACC. High Energy Prices: Energy prices are constantly increasing in Bangladesh & worldwide which is directly affecting the profitability of ACC because major portion of cost consists of fuel & energy expenses so they should find out alternative source of energy to minimize the cost of goods. oHigh level of Taxes & Custom duty: High level of c ost & custom duty are affecting its profitability. So govt. should take constructive steps for the development of the industries. oCompetitors: There are 70+ firms in cement industry which make the competition very tough.Each firm is striving to get as much share as they can and they are using different tactics to excel their sales. So, ACC should take proper steps for its growth while taking into consideration all the Competitors. oPolitical Instability: It is also a main threat for ACC because it brings changes in laws & regulation accordingly. Objectives After analyzing all the factors now we will set the objectives or targets we can say, for ACC that is going to be achieved in the next financial year of the company. Our objectives should be ? Specific ?Measurable ?Achievable ?Realistic ?Time bound There are 2 kinds of objectives which are: Financial Objectives †¢Marketing Objectives Financial Objectives: Financial objectives are related with the financial performance of the company or simply objectives that relate to finance. Following are the financial objectives that we can set for ACC for 2013. ?Profit after taxes should be 60 crore ?Cash flow should be 10% high Marketing Objectives Financial objectives should be convertible to marketing objectives. Marketing objectives are related to market or overall industry. Following are the marketing objectives of ACC. Sales should be 50% high Exports should be 40% Average price should be up to 450 pgSales of 5,00,000 tons should be achieved in 2013 Expand the number of dealers Market share should be up to 5% Marketing Strategies Strategies are the game plan or road map to achieve the objectives set by the company by utilizing its resources. Following are the marketing strategies that should be used: oNew Markets New markets in outside & inside of the country should be achieved. oDistribution outlets Distribution outlets or big distributors must be located in all the targeted markets. oAdvertisement 2% budget should be allocated for advertisement campaign on bill boards & certain media channel. Low pricing strategy Low pricing strategy should be adopted as compared to competitors. oAlliance Alliances should be made with distributors & realtors in important markets & preference should be given to them. oSales force Sale force or sales agents should also be hired in remote areas with 5-8% commission. oMarket Research 10% Budget should be allocated to market research to know competitors, customer behavior & new markets. oLower cost of goods strategy Cost of the cement should be low down to earn maximum profit Action Programs Marketing strategies should be supported with action programs or day to day plans.Each strategy should be broken down in to small programs or action that can easily be implemented. It tells us that which marketing strategy is to be completed by whom, when how & what will be the cost of that? ?Sales department have to do 25 crore sales after every 4 months. ?Production department have to produce 0. 25 million tons after every 4 months. ?Purchase department should purchase furnace oil & raw materials 5% less as compared to previous year. ?Management should reduce unproductive expenses @10% as compared to last year. ?Other incomes should be increased up to 10 crore as compared to last year. Marketing department should achieve their target within given budget on the basis of six months. Financial Projections †¢Following are the overall projection for year 2013. In millionsIncrease Sales500060% Cgs (Cost of goods sold)(3200)36% Gross Profit120080% Other Expenses18010% Other Income2040% Profit Before Taxes800 Taxes200 Net Profit60020% Feedback & Control In the last stage of product level planning we will consider does the company actually achieved its objectives or not. In this step we will compare the actual results with the standards set out there in the planning stage.According to the above results & figures ACC has achieved all the targets & g oals efficiently & effectively. They have properly implemented the planning as compared to previous year so they have achieved the level of performance what they want. Even more fruitful results have been achieved. Usually, Anchor Cement Company carries out three types of controlling strategies which are as under.. oAnnual Plan Control ACC usually do audit or check up at the end of year that whether that have achived their annual goals/objectives or not regarding sales, profits, market share & growth etc.They want to know the gap between actual & standard, if found any & then will fix it down in the upcoming period. If they have performed much better then they watch out the reasons behind that to implement forever in the organization. oAudit Control Internal Audit is carried out by the internal auditors. External Audit is carried out by external auditors. oStrategic Control Strategic Control is the step of the last section. In strategic control usually they evaluate whether the Anch or Cement Company marketing strategy is appropriate to the market condition or not.If not they do Changes in it to make implementable in the market. They change their strategy according to the market situation that changes so rapidly. Conclusion From the above analysis we can easily conclude that how a company usually does their product or marketing planning. I pick Anchor Cement Company collect data from different sources (mainly from web) & then make the palling for them accordingly. All the above discussion gives us a bird’s eye view regarding a good product planning that a marketer can do. References http://www. khansonsgroup. com www. scribd. com Marketing Management- Philip Kotler, 11th edition

Religion Conclusion Essay

In conclusion, after reading and observing all major religions of the world Oudaism, Christianity and Islam) are different in their concept of worshipping, fasting, festivals and tradition. I found one significant thing in all major religions that they believed in one God and accepts of God existence. No matter whom we are and belongs which religion but at end of the day we all standup on a single platform of one God. In Judaism, worship is only for God and God is everlasting with no concept of death and born. This is the same belief in Islam that Allah is eternal with no wife, and son, and nor son of others. In Christianity, God is one but in three different divine substance of Trinity. Jesus of Nazareth teaches that to perform the Lord’s Prayer by sacrificing our self toward God love and for all people. Jesus said that â€Å"Humble men are very fortunate! For the Kingdom of Heaven is given to them†. This part concludes that Jesus preached that serve our life for God and humanity for forgiveness their sins and offering a precious gift kingdom of a heaven. The Gospel of Matthew, page no: 82 – 20- 178). I also found similar names of prophet in major religions. Similar names but different in pronunciation. As Jesus in Christianity and Isa in Islam, Moses in Judaism and Musa in Islam, Jacob in Judaism and Yaqub in Islam. At last all the major religion prophets came into this world with a similar message and mission of one God worshiped and transfer God commands towards followers for their better success in both worlds. All prophets gave instructions for doing good deed to reach heaven and strictly restrict not to perform sin. Furthermore, all major religions festivals give the message of happiness in our life by obeying God commands in certain manners. I also observed that all religious festivals make you closer towards God and make you strong in belief of your religion. Being a follower ofa religion will make you a unique person in the society and not only make you a person but more over make you a better human. I believed that a true religion is that who gave a message of oneness, equality, peace and humanity. The best religion which makes you a better human than a religious person. The upreme religion which teach you to serve our life for human welfare, help and support them without any discrimination. The great religion which guide you to walk on straight path of deed and revoke you from doing sin, the perfect religion which tells you to feel others pain and more respectful and humble to your parents in a lovely manner. Moreover, the best religion which command you to help poor people and orphans by providing necessary facilities of daily life. The most interesting, important and valuable things that I learned from all major religions that offerings rayers regularly which give you peace of mind. Remembering God in our life will make our heart and soul pure of divine light, getting guidance through teachings of your health. Good character and thinking about equality in every aspect of life where the color and race does not matter in your life. The guidance by the word of God (Quran, Torah and Bible) and the teachings of prophet will lead us to live life in this world with great comfort and the best religion to follow and achieve success everywhere. The most valuable things in Islam are the respect for Women, family and chieving good behavior and character. I feel blessed following this religion and I am blessed to born and die in the same religion because the meaning of Islam is peace and the biggest earning in life to earn peace in life, which I got it from birth and I will die in peace following the same religion. In last words, all religion teaches us about to truthful talk and helps others without any unfairness. This will make a better society and all religions preach that to develop the world with humankind and moral education.

Common Information Security Threats Essay Essay Example

Common Information Security Threats Essay Essay Example Common Information Security Threats Essay Essay Common Information Security Threats Essay Essay The cyberspace is about 40 old ages old and is go oning to turn at a rapid gait. This rapid growing and usage of the cyberspace for practically everything you can make in life has besides cause a major addition in menaces. Cyber-criminals are frequently interrupting into security on many major web sites and doing the intelligence. Information Security is turning into an of import portion in protect a business’s information. Amazon. com website went online in 1995 ( Byers. 2006 ) . Amazon offers there services and merchandises through the website Amazon. com to many states around the universe. which includes: United States. Canada. France. Spain. Japan. Italy. Germany. United Kingdom. and China ( Amazon. 2012 ) . Amazon has been around for about 17 old ages and uninterrupted to be a successful concern. One of the ground for this is because Amazon puting clip in Information Security. Amazon has a monolithic sum of information on waiters around the Earth contain sensitive informa tion. non merely information for Amazon but besides for Amazon’s clients. Some illustrations of the information Amazon maintains on the waiters they own: merchandise information. warehouse information. name centre information. client service information. service information. client history information. bank information. cloud calculating information. digital media download information. and reappraisals of clients for merchandise information ( Amazon. 2012 ) . There will ever be some sort of the possible hazards to the information maintained by any concern or individual because new exposures are found every twenty-four hours. Just late. on August 7. 2012. a wired magazine reporter’s information stored on his Google history. Twitter history. MacBook. iPad. and iPhone where erased without the user desiring this done. A hacker that goes by the name of Phobia comprised the newsmans Amazon history with a security feat. The security feat allowed Phobia to entree the reporter’s Amazon history by naming and resetting the watchwords over the phone with the newsmans compromised AppleCare ID and Amazon ID ( Kerr. 2012 ) . Amazon responded with the following. â€Å"We have investigated the reported feat. and can corroborate the feat has been closed as of yesterday afternoon ( Kerr. 2012 ) . † Another major breach in security for Amazon occurred on the Zappos. com. which Amazon besides owns. 24 million histories where compromised. which included the following history information: names. transportation references. charge references. phone Numberss. and email references ( Vilches. 2012 ) . Zappos CEO Tony Hsieh wrote in an electronic mail that the hackers gained entree to the internal web of Zappos leting the hacker’s entree to the waiter that was in Kentucky. On October 28. 2011 a research worker uncovered a monolithic security defect in the Amazon Cloud service that is provided by Amazon ( Hickey. 2011 ) . A squad of German research workers found a manner that hackers would be able to entree user histories and informations. The methods of onslaught the security research workers found that the Amazon Cloud service was vulnerable to where signature wrapper and cross site scripting. XML signature wrapping onslaughts were developed that could wholly take over a user history with decision maker permissions for the Amazon Cloud histories. The AWS interface could besides be manipulated to run an feasible codification and make cross-site scripting onslaughts. The research workers said that they had entree to all the client informations. including hallmark informations. items. and watchwords ( Hickey. 2011 ) . There are many other exposures for Amazon that may be but are non known. Intruders ( hackers ) are a major menace for Amazon as proven from the antecedently listed illustrations. When the onslaught is done by a little group or merely one individual the menace will fall into the unstructured class ( Conklin. White. Williams. Davis. A ; Cothren. 2012 ) . Menaces caused by onslaughts by hackers that are in a condemnable group are known to fall into the structured class ( Conklin. White. Williams. Davis. A ; Cothren. 2012 ) . Physical security is of import to retrieve because if a hacker can acquire into the internal web and substructure. it can be much easier to derive unauthorised entree to the web. Information Security hazard analysis is used to entree the exposures. menaces. and how to put controls for an organisation ( Whitman. 2011 ) . List of what can be vulnerable: Web Waiters. Computer Servers. Routers. Client. Databases. Firewalls. Software. Power. and Transmission. List of menaces: Denial of Service Attacks. Spoofing and Masquerading. Malicious Code/Virus. Human Errors. Insider Attacks. Intrusion. Spamming. and Physical Damage to Hardware. List of costs: Trade Secrets. Client Secrets. Trust. Lost Gross saless. Clean up Costss. Information. Hardware. Software. Services. and Communication. List of controls to be used: Firewalls. IDS. Single Sign-on. DMZ. Security policy. Employee Training. Configuration of Architecture. and Hardening of Environment. All of these lists can be put into a chart to assist organize a hazard analysis and apparatus controls to be used for Amazon ( Conklin. White. Williams. Davis. A ; Cothren. 2012 ) . The legal. ethical. and regulative demands for protecting informations demand to be thought about when it comes to Information Security. Statutory Torahs. administrative Torahs. and common Torahs presently exist and are involved in computing machine security. New cyber Torahs are being defined by the tribunals. but none of these Torahs have been used yet ( Conklin. White. Williams. Davis. A ; Cothren. 2012 ) . In 1986. the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act ( CFAA ) was established to do it a offense to entree computing machine systems when non authorized. Amazon has been around for 17 old ages and has a good path record for catching security hazards and piecing them rapidly. With the cyberspace go oning to turn at such a rapid gait. Amazon and everyone desiring to keep their informations unity needs to tight down on their Information Security protocols. Information Security is turning into an of import portion in protect a business’s information. MentionsAmazon. ( 2012 ) . Amazon. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. virago. com Byers. A. ( 2006 ) . Jeff Bezos: the laminitis of Amazon. com. New York. New york: The Rosen Publishing Group. Conklin. A. . White. G. . Williams. D. . Davis. R. . A ; Cothren. C. ( 2012 ) . Principles of Computer Security: CompTIA Security+ and Beyond ( Exam SY0-301 ) ( 3rd ed. ) . New York. New york: McGraw-Hill Company. Hickey. A. R. ( 2011. October 28 ) . Researchers Uncover ‘Massive Security Flaws’ In Amazon Cloud. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. crn. com/news/cloud/23190911/researchers-unconver-massive-security-flaws-in-amazon-cloud. htm Kerr. D. ( 2012. August 7 ) . Amazon addresses security feat after journalist drudge. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //news. cnet. com/8301-1009_3-57488759-83/amazon-addresses-security-exploit-after-journalist-hack/ Vilches. J. ( 2012. January 16 ) . Amazon owned Zappos hacked. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. techspot. com/news/47060-amazon-owned-zappos-hacked-24-million-accounts-compromised. html Whitman. M. E. ( 2011 ) . Readings and Cases in Information Security: Law and Ethical motives. New York. New york: Cengage Learning.

Timeline of Reconstruction

Timeline of Reconstruction Reconstruction was a time of rebuilding the the United States after the tumultuous years of the Civil War. It lasted from the end of Civil War in 1865 to the Compromise of 1877 when Rutherford B. Hayes was given the presidency  in exchange for removing federal troops from Southern states.  Following are key events that occurred during this era including events that were occurring in other parts of the United States. 1865 Congress passed the Thirteenth Amendment which abolished slavery in the United States.  Robert E. Lee surrendered his Confederate forces at Appomattox Courthouse.   Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth while attending a play at Fords Theater.   Andrew Johnson succeeded Lincoln to the presidency.  Johnson began implementing a restoration plan based loosely on Lincolns ideas to help reintegrate the South. He issues pardons to most Confederates who are willing to take an oath of loyalty.  The last slaves in the United States are emancipated on June 19th, also called Juneteenth.  Mississippi creates black codes that limit the rights of freed blacks. They soon become common across the South.  The Freedmans Bureau is established.   1866 Congress passed the Fourteenth Amendment which ensured equal protection of the laws to all persons.  Most Southern states reject it.  The Civil Rights Act of 1866 was passed which granted full citizenship and civil rights to blacks.  The Ku Klux Klan was founded in Tennessee. It would extend throughout the South by 1868.  The First Transatlantic Cable was completed.   1867   The Military Reconstruction Act divided the former Confederacy into five military districts. Union generals policed these districts.  The Tenure of Office Act was passed requiring congressional approval before the president could remove appointees. This was to try and force Johnson to keep Radical Republican Edwin Stanton as Secretary of War. He went against the act when he removed Stanton from office in August.  The Grange  was established by farmers in the Midwest. It would quickly grow to over 800,000 members.  The US purchased Alaska from Russia in what was called Sewards Folly.   1868 President Johnson was impeached by the House but was acquitted by the Senate.  The Fourteenth Amendment was finally ratified by the states. Ulysses S. Grant became president.  The eight-hour workday became law for federal employees.   1869 The first transcontinental railroad was completed at Promontory Point, Utah.  The Knights of Labor was formed.  James Fisk and Jay Gould tried to corner the gold market leading to Black Friday.  Wyoming became the first state to grant womens suffrage.   1870 The Fifteenth Amendment was ratified giving black males the right to vote.  The last four  Southern states  that fought for the confederacy were readmitted to Congress. These were Virginia, Mississippi, Texas, and Georgia.  The first black Senator, Hiram E. Revels, assumed the seat of Jefferson Davis.  The Enforcement Act was passed. This was allowed for federal intervention against the Ku Klux Klan.  A California case, White v. Flood, set the precedent for schools to be segregated by race.   1871 The Indian Appropriations Act was passed. This made all Native Americans as wards of the state.Boss Tweed political machine was exposed by the New York Times.The greenback becomes legal tender.  US reached the Alabama settlement with England over the aid it gave to the Confederacy in building warships. England paid $15.5 million in damages.  The Great Chicago Fire occurred. 1872   Ulysses S. Grant was reelected as president.Democrats gradually reclaim control of Southern state governments in a process known as Redemption.  Yellowstone National Park was established. 1873 The Panic of 1873 occurred, caused by rampant railroad speculation. The Gilded Age was written by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner. 1874 The Womans Christian Temperance Union was founded. 1875 The Whiskey Ring scandal occurred during President Grants administration. A number of his associates were indicted.  The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was passed by Congress. It established penalties for those who denied citizens equal employment and the use of inns, theaters, and other places.   1876 The Lakota Sioux are ordered to reservations. In their resistance, the Sioux led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse defeat General Custer and his men at the Battle of Little Big Horn.  Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone.Samuel J. Tilden defeated Rutherford B. Hayes in the popular vote. However, the electoral vote is thrown into the House of Representatives.   1877   The Compromise of 1877 occurred giving Hayes the presidency.  Federal troops were removed from the Southern states.

How to change the face of conflict Research Paper

How to change the face of conflict - Research Paper Example The definition of political conflict becomes more critical when armed combats are involved in the forces of at least one state to gain control over other states and when at least 1000 people are killed in such political conflict, it is identified as Armed Conflict (Dani, 2009). Historically, many conflicts have arises in the form of civil wars for the possession of vital resources such as water, metals like gold, silver, copper, petroleum and many more since 17th and 18th centuries from the commencement of World War I. During the last decade, many of such conflicts took place in Liberia, Sierra, Somalia, Sudan, Chechnya, Chiapas, Congo and Indonesia driven by the struggle of parties involved to take control over critical resources. Such resource conflicts are becoming more prominent and frequencies are also increasing as the demand for such scarce resources are exceeding the supply of the same. Competition to surmount the valuable oil supplies and pipeline routs is the source of conflict in 21st century. With the growing demand of oil and declining capacity of supply from the United States, Mexico and China, the concentration is shifting towards Gulf countries, South America and Africa. According to the experts’ opinion, the rivalry for oil was init iated in 1991 with Persian Gulf Conflict which is still continuing with the invasion of Iraq in 2003. For further complications, incidents such as attacking the inhabitants who resides near the major oil producing fields and pipeline locations from guerrillas and terrorists have been experienced in recent economy (Connaughton, 2013). Conflict gives rise to the economic divergence in international landscape. From Sierra to Angola and Cambodia, conflicts to surmount control over scarce resources leads armies and militants to violate human rights by the means of murder, rape and other violent measures imposed on civilians. For instance, countries like Democratic Republic of Congo

Two tourism plans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Two tourism plans - Essay Example It has also clearly come out that the planning processes are synonymous and success is only guaranteed by how effective the process is based on the environment in the study. These strategies target a travelling population and they are a function of the type of tourism, level of tourism and the geography of the place in question. Tourism planning in Turkey is based on a strategy that emphasizes on Planning, Investment and Organization. It is a long term strategy that aims at overall improving tourism in the country for a long period of time. However, the Visit-Scotland strategy is a short term plan that is aimed at maximizing the efforts of the Scottish government for purposes of sustainable economic growth. The Turkey Tourism Strategy also targets domestic tourism thus ensuring that tourism takes place continuously throughout the year. The Scotland Tourism Strategy, however, targets the international community more thus does not outline much about local tourism. The Turks targets leisure tourists who visit the country for purposes for enjoyment and leisure. The Visit-Scotland strategy also targets the business community, thereby appealing more to official travellers and business people seeking platforms for business investment Turkey is hailed for early tourism development. As such, it has an early structural development and beautiful scenery as a major tourism attraction. Scotland is also well known for ancient structural development, Agriculture and Craft. The Turkey Tourism Development Strategy aims more on bringing out their tourist attraction sites even through the use of eye-catching photography. The Visit-Scotland Strategy is more dwelt on protecting the national interests through guarding the environment from pollution and ensuring that visitors connect with the country’s business systems for national development. The regional strategy targets a wider range of tourists and thereby is more

Ssocial media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ssocial media - Essay Example Social media refers to any of the many online tools that allow people to share information and learn from others through a communication network in an open process. Social media thus refers to online contents that are created and consumed by regular people for communication. As Singh and Diamond (10) noted, it may be comments a person adds at the end of a website- article or family photograph he uploaded to a photos-sharing site or a video he uploaded to a video-sharing site. From some years ago to now, business communication for most of the business had a huge impact, because social media brought tremendous changes in business and marketing communication. It has not only brought greater opportunities for many businesses, but also posed bigger challenges for many to survive in competing with others. It thus becomes very important for a small startup firm to also realize that it needs to utilize the power of the social media well in order to prosper against the big companies that are already established. The marketing and advertising needs to be very sharp; website interface must be very catchy and most importantly, it must be able to gather a large customer base. For a new business to be set up successfully, marketing communication is an extremely important function since its ultimate plan to reach its customers will be successful only if it can communicate with its people about the business and its goals. When introducing a new brand or the existing brand with new product or service to the market, it needs to be communicated to the general public in order to make them aware about it, to inform or persuade them to buy or to keep on reminding them about the goods or brand (Kitchen 21). This can be done by displaying catchy captions and promotional logos of the brand... The paper describes the social media in competitive business contexts. Almost all Fortune 500 and world’s largest multinational companies have established relatively much stronger stance in social media to use it for marketing communication purposes, and they proclaim that social media helped them a lot. A best example is Wal-Mart because as recent reports and studies revealed, social media played a significant role in Wal-Mart’s success. Large numbers of business organizations and government firms use private as well as public social networks. Turban, Bollojuand and Liang (203) found that almost all Fortune 500 firms keep on encouraging its employees to use an internet social media by creating its own applications and social discussions. It proves that social media helps businesses not only for marketing communication, but also to enhance knowledge and experiences of employees and other people by knowledge share of social media networks and thus to improve overall prod uctivity of its people. Websites like Twitter and Facebook allow companies to form their own forums and groups where they can keep in touch with one another and discuss important matters. Such an exchange of ideas is healthy and keeps employees at their toes. Moreover, since everybody checks their notifications from time to time, companies need not worry about the message not going across. For any new or existing business, consumers are the biggest concern. Almost all the businesses today are required to be consumer-centric.

Is Animal Testing Really Necessary Essay Example for Free

Is Animal Testing Really Necessary Essay Animal testing is a phrase that most people have heard but are perhaps still unsure of exactly what is involved. Whether it is referred to as animal testing, animal experimentation or animal research, it means the experimentation carried out on animals. Experimental animal testing has been one of the highest debated issues for many years. Animal testing is used for numerous products and applications. Everything from toiletries to medications has likely been tested on animals at some point prior to their distribution (Murnaghan). Animal testing can be conducted anywhere from a university to a military defense establishment, wherever there is a need for testing a product. Products to be tested will range from cosmetics to pesticides and anything in-between. Animal testing has been around for over 500 years, since the early 17th century, though testing for cosmetic purposes did not start until the 1930s. Animal testing has been highly debated for many years for whether it is moral, ethical, humane, right, wrong, just, fair, etcetera. Many people stand against animal testing because they feel that it is unfair treatment to animals since animals do not have a say in the matter. On the other side of the argument, people fight for animal testing because it allows for prescription drugs and medicines to be tested. Both sides have their valid points, animal testing can be seen as cruel, especially when there are alternatives that can be used, but also, even with alternatives, testing on animals is still sometimes necessary in order to get the needed results. In a debate between Laurie Pycroft, one of the founders of Pro-Test, and Helen Marston, head of Humane Research Australia, the two go back and forth about animal testing and its potential alternatives. Pycroft starts out the debate by explaining the complexity of the human body and how no investigative tool can â€Å"fully replicate the intricacy of a living organism† (Pycroft). Marston returns fire by talking about why animals are not good models for human medicine. She makes the point that animals are â€Å"anatomically, genetically, and metabolically† different from humans (Pycroft). Pycroft continues to bring up different examples of how using animals for research has helped make medical advances for humans, while Marston seems to continue to revolve around the same idea of there being alternatives, but she does not really expand on any one topic, just that there are alternatives. Thomas Hartung talks about the alternatives to animal testing. One of the things Hartung mentions is an experiment done in 2006, â€Å"when the TeGenero anti-CD28 antibody, after testing safe at 500-times higher concentrations in monkeys, [it still] led to multiple organ failure within hours in six human volunteers† (Hartung). Thus, providing an argument against animal testing because sometimes, even when animal testing provides positive results, it does not mean that the same result will be present when human trials are done. Many people believe that animal testing is only about testing cosmetics or new drug therapies, however, there are many different uses for animal testing, and Timothy Musch et al discuss some of those uses. â€Å"Animal studies play a part in the initial development of candidate drugs, and the development and testing of medical devices and surgical procedures. Even more crucial, animal research informs clinical research by building the foundation of biological knowledge† (Musch et al). There are so many things that the testing of animals can help to improve. Some things, such as the development of insulin, antibiotics, vaccines, and drugs with high mortality rates, are all because of high contribution from animal testing (Murnaghan). On the flip side though, Alison Abbott points out, â€Å"Every time you reach for an eye drop or reapply a lip salve, you do so confident that the chemicals they contain are safe to use. But the toxicology test on which regulators rely to gather this information are stuck in a time warp, and are largely based on wasteful and often poorly predictive animal experiments† (Abbott). Abbott talks about a legislation called REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals) and how it planned to â€Å"make registration mandatory for both future and existing chemicals – even those that have been on the market for decades† (Abbott). As a result of reach, it was expected that millions more animals would be used in order to meet the necessary requirements. 5,000 animals – that is up to how many test subjects could be used for each chemical; if it is a pesticide that number jumps to 12,000. The estimated cost of running these tests on the unregistered (approximately 30,000) chemicals is between â‚ ¬5 billion (US$6 billion) and â‚ ¬10 billion (US$13 billion) (Abbott). In order to test one single chemical for cancer causing potential, it takes five years, involves 400 rats (each of which is treated with the maximum tolerated dose), and more than 50% of the results are positive, even worse, of that 50%, 90% are false positives (Abbott). In looking more at the argumentative side, there are two general views: in favor of animal testing or against animal testing. Many people lean towards being against animal testing because they feel it is cruel, inhumane, and unfair to the animals. Now on the other hand, a lot of people are in favor of animal testing because it helps to test medicines, medical procedures and other necessities. Animals do not have a voice of their own; they need people to speak for them, to fight for them, and to protect them. Many companies, while attempting to verify their products are safe for humans, will perform various tests on animals. Animals are used for testing a wide variety of chemicals and products such as drugs, vaccines, cosmetics, household cleaners, and pesticides. As written by Delmas Luedke, â€Å"Animals are exposed to too much suffering; especially when there are many alternatives to testing on animals† (Animals and Research). If there are alternatives for research, why test on animals? There are new alternatives being created, such as realistic software models. The first realistic software models of human and animal organs are starting to emerge – potentially replacing some of the 50 to 100 million animals used each year for scientific research† (Biever). With different types of software emerging, it is very possible for other software to be produced in future years and animal tests could be completely replaced. When doing medical, cosmetic, or any other type of re search, animals should not be used or abused because it is cruel and harmful to the animals being used for testing. On the opposing side, some people believe that it is okay to harm animals in order to discover cures and generate medicines, although animal testing can lead to antibiotics, vaccines, and other treatments being produced, there are other ways that those same products could be produced – without harming animals. According to Cynthia Pekow, â€Å"Although polls say that most Americans accept that research animals are needed to advance medical science, many people feel squeamish thinking about animals used in experimentation†(â€Å"Animals in Research†). People do not feel squeamish because their medicines are being tested on animals; they are squeamish because animals are being harmed in the process. While good things have come from testing on animals, it is just not worth the pain and torture that they are put through. One reason why testing on animals should be illegal is because it is a cruel and inhumane way to do research, and it is unfair because animals have no voice of their own. Jackie Powder states that, â€Å"It was a furor over the alleged mistreatment of rabbits by a cosmetics giant that set the stage for the creation of the Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing† (Powder). CAAT works with scientists, government regulators, and other advocates to identify alternatives to the use of animals in testing thousands of chemicals. Humans are capable of giving their consent in order to be tested on, while animals are not. Animals have no voice of their own to speak with. They cannot tell anyone when something hurts; they cannot tell anyone when something does not feel right; they cannot tell anyone if they do not want to participate in the testing anymore. A second reason for not testing on animals is because there is no moral reason to test on animals when the results may not even be accurate. There have also been many alternatives that have proven to be more accurate than using animals. â€Å"Using animals is unreliable and inaccurate because of great differences between animals and humans. Non-animal tests take less time to complete, cost only a fraction of what the animal experiments the non-animal tests replace costs, and are not overwhelmed with species diversity that make inferring results difficult or impossible† (Stop the use, ). Virtual models, such as the ones at Insilicomed in Lo Jolla, California, are being created. At Insilicomed they are using a virtual heart to simulate the interaction between the organ and a pacemaker, on behalf of a manufacturer. The device is initially tested in both animals and software to ensure that the models accurately replicating what happens in real life, but subsequent test to refine the properties the pacemaker’s leads are done in software alone† (Biever). With these models being produced, fewer animals will b e used in experiments. Whenever there is a chance to replace animal tests, those chances should be pursued so that fewer animals will be used. On the alternative side of the argument, there are multiple reasons why animal testing is a good thing. For starters, animal testing has helped to create many of the medicines in our world. The kinds of benefits from animal research that researchers have made in understanding and treating diseases would not have been possible without animal research. Many people argue about how it is cruel and inhumane to animals; well would they rather it was humans being tested? Maybe they would like to send their brother or sister in for experimental testing? While animal testing may seem cruel, the hypothetical alternative is even worse. Scientists are attempting to develop worthy alternatives to testing on animals, but some things are not quite as easy to come up with an alternative. Both sides of the argument have very good points, however, despite the fact that it can be seen as cruel and inhumane to the animals (from a person’s perspective), animal testing is, at this point in time, a necessity. There are many drugs and medical procedures that may not be here today if it were not for animal testing. Testing on animals may be inhumane to them, but it is better to be inhumane to an animal than to a human.