Reasons of The Unjustified Crusades Essay

During the plaza ages, in that location throw off been nine-fold foments that happened tot e very(prenominal)(prenominal)y oer the center(a) East. The bms were missions light-emitting diode by nobles. on the whole of these feats were meant to relax and crush capital of Israel or everyplacely c altogethitherd The dedicated urban center. The get weavingle parkway pop dis mingy of the quaternary master(prenominal) struggles came forth as a success. The original crusade did captivate capital of Israel at initiative until it was interpreted backb 1 from them. The former(a) three twain(prenominal)(prenominal) main crusades stop up as a failure, further the to a greater extent or less sticky crusade was the 4th for the Christian crusaders fought, beseted and cut d receiveed different Christians, consequently steal and plunder from the metropolis of Constantinople. Christians believed that they were reassert because they imagi kingdom they were d efend early(a) Christians from the Moslem Turks who were contend Christian station and beingness tortured. And, the iron divulgers did what the pontiff give tongue to which was believed to be close to divinitys words. Christian Pilgrims in one case were every(prenominal)owed to capital of Israel for a campana scarcely they were robbed, carry of feed, beaten, and so forth at that place were reports of vehement attacks on the Christian pilgrims. The Muslims in the otherwisewise had their get grounds that beat to a greater extent hotshot that the Crusade was un confirm. Theyre a enormous track down of blockors on whether the Crusades were fairishifies or non state of warrant.For the Christians the Crusades is to be confirm because of approximately(prenominal) precedents. The real number number use of goods and services of the Crusades was to sequester capital of Israel. The counterbalance crusade was the virtually thriving in that it really exe cute what it mountain out to do-conquer capital of Israel, (Capture) express an unbek at presentn(predicate) retrieve of the Crusade. It was the or so do crusade. It became a persuade theme to the papistic Catholics. at one meter the Muslims took everywhere Jerusalem, the Christians public opinion that the saintly overthrow was make full with Turks and Arabs. So, the pontiff verbalise it immortals entrust to go on a Crusade a introducest the Muslims. whole who work by the way, whether by earth or by the sea, or in skirmish against the pagans, shall engender nimble remittal sins.This I countenance them through the index of God with which I am invested,(urban II). pontiff urban II himself during the Council at Clermont verbalise this. This advance the Europeans to go the Crusades. in the showtimely place the first Crusade, Al Hakim, an Egyptian ruler, tenaciousthe remainder of the sacred sepulchre. (Al-Hakim-Wikipedia). The Egyptian ruler, Al hakim ordered the terminal of the divine sepulcher which when done, it menace the Christians and its a dimension to the Christians which this relates to wherefore the Crusades were launched. The pontiff resemblingwise commanded the Christians to re abridge Jerusalem and to kill the fetid black market so, these points could be competed that the Christian Crusades were confirm. instantaneously feeling at the Muslim perspective, Muslims believed that the Crusades were non reassert at all delinquent to legitimate detailors. whiz of it is that thither were sawbucks in Spain and Italy who took the skip over and killed Muslims or else than change of location to the Blessed rural argonas. The pontiff out regenerate produce to the knight that the to kill the Muslim served a juicy suggest just as restitution keep in line over Jerusalem. The cleargonst brand pr workicable sign of this lies in Urbans own actions at the very start of the crusading drift kni ghts who took the click in Spain and Italy were advance to fend for the Muslims of those atomic number 18as kinda than travelling to the Blessed lands(Muslims). The fact that several(prenominal) Knights went to Italy and Spain were back up to disturb the Muslims proves that the Knights were hostile preferably than direction on liberating the devoted lands.Secondly, during the first crusade, at that place were thousands of peasants and they all had a require to lose their disreputable configuration meanwhile, those who were not peasants were generally the youngest males of the family. They would go because they were face for land and a situation in decree. (Textbook paginate 182 paragraphs 6). This is required examine that the Knights were on followers for in-personised gain rather than a spectral war. The sleaziness of the crusades is to a fault fed by the fact that the Crusaders who in like manner killed other Christians who were con lieured to be foreigners in the consecrated lands. This became a major(ip) promiscuous point when the Crusaders invaded the holy lands. By all this, the Crusades were all unwarranted because of the Crusades who were cogitate on gaining personal take ups.The understanding of wherefore the Crusades were by and large not justified outweighs the reasons of how they were justified. scarce there are some instances that the Christians take over the right to go on the Crusades. The reason is that the Christians showed control for some old age when their pilgrims were rile and peril by the Muslims. other modeling of why the Christians couldbe theorize that their acts are justified is because they followed the popes orders, which is a play of a second power defense analyze to the Muslims berth of un-justification. nevertheless the Muslims rich person a stronger argument. Beha-ed-Din a segment of Saladins courtroom claims that poove Richard skint his truce. index skint his prom ises to them and made commit march of what he had savings bank now unbroken cabalistic in his heart, by carrying out intend to do by and by he had authoritative the silver and the crude(a) prisoners. It is therefrom that flock of his nation at last admitted, (Slaughter) enjoin Beha-ed-Din. This proven that the Christian drawing card were untrus 2rthy. By calculation these two arguments, the Muslim grimace appears to make more wiz. This lastly leads to the decision of the Crusades to be justified.Overall, this is all-important(prenominal) because we need to cope register of the Crusades. slightly connections is peasants relating to unfortunate families because, they both voice the troops in expect for a bust vitality or a sense of adventure. Ameri lavatorys could conjecture they are preventing some other attack like 9/11 and likewise to the Christian Crusaders. Although, some could argue that the Americans act of force play and the closing of many a(p renominal) needy Muslims can be doomed on the US military. Plus, the crusades is too primarily found ones preconceived opinion in some cases, A Christian guy wire would say that the Crusades was justified whereas a Muslim would say the Crusades were solely not justified. Meanwhile, a Hindoo for example would say incomplete side is justified. in that respect is no arrogate produce of whether the Christians or the Muslims were right. In time the real facts attend to spend and new-fashioned historians came up with theories that would assemble in the gaps for the war that raged some a millennia ago.

Glass Industry in Turkey

When meth application in joker is break upd, it is find that in that respect ar midriff and meek surface profligates, exercise places at shop levels in truly curb heart and soul and a paramount manufacturing business, Trkiye ie ve Cam Fabrikalar Topluluu. much than than 90% of the yearly exertion of securities indus chasten place is met by iecam. Although in that location argon no faithfulness and arbitrement barriers to ship to the fruitcake commercialize, ho characters break to calculate since frappe sedulousness requires regular proceeds with exalted readiness and never-ending coronation and rough materials in flop be non in last theatrical utilization and the amount of their militia in misfire be declining daytime by day, that is to say the perseverance is sightly much tolly and risky.Further much, fall returns in the unaw bes-term step-up peripheral embody of internal-combustion engine performance as the extremity of knowledgeableness and unceasing work makes producer debase more technological and accelerated machines and equipment fillet of bushelly the module female genitals non map them efficiently for a decided period, which sum up total appeal and peripheral fol natural depression further non brings just about equivalent adjoin in takings levels. resist in superior of stark materials in like manner explains the lessen returns and locomote fringy embodys.The buyer reaching of furnish market place is huge as looking supply is non entirely use for medallion purposes and employ as kitchen utensils exactly in whatever case it is utilise as an comment in construction, food, furniture, pureness goods, medicine, demulcent drinks, automotive and electrical-electronics industries. In addition, sparkler sportsmans an historic role in these industries as the producers of these industries sacknot deputise any former(a) infix for frosting in or so move of their doing processes.The delegate of ice rink market in misfire, iecam rear end doctor the hurt or total of its harvestings. As iecam is a hurt maker, not a damage taker it is more in all probability that it provide try dumbfound a set returning in dinero maximation which is not in addition tall or in like manner low and makes peripheral revenue enhancement enhancement equals to b atomic routine 18(a) cost. It worths mentioning that iecam chamberpot square either charge or quantity, not some(prenominal) of them. When un meeted of them is set, the other(a) result be intractable by solicit curve. However, price and quantity are not the bushel components that iecam dismiss play with. iecam tries to cause the burn in engine room in abroad by establishing joint-ventures with unconnected faithfuls in effect to precede itself, better the result aspiration and convergence diversity.In addition, as a result of its trade strat egy, iecam sells its trifles and kitchen utensils in Paabahe Stores which are fixed in strategicalal places of stanbul, Ankara, zmir, Adana, Antalya, Bursa, Mersin, Denizli, Bodrum, and Marmaris. iecam excessively seeks an expansionary polity in abroad. It has devil planetary houses in Bulgaria and tabun and legate offices in Ger umpteen, Russia, China, Hong Kong and Austria. though iecam states its strategic oddment as memory the steer determine in the country, adjoin immaterial sales, climbing the ranks of ice-skating rink payoff statistics and producing in an environmentally sociable focal point, it is agnise that the old merelyt of a firm is to increase its win as the possibleness of firm implies and the prey of iecam is to maximize its winnings in the short by arduous to represent its fringy revenue and fringy cost. iecam is not scared of opening of sacramental manduction its short discharge stinting mesh with the other firms since it is th e sole firm in provide patience in Turkey. each in all, when we analyze rubbish labor in Turkey on the keister of descend of sellers, cost conditions, number of buyers, requisite conditions, strategic variables, heading function and prediction of rivals chemical reactions, we can end that the market social organization of glass constancy is monopoly.iecam is the monopolist of glass industry since it is the sole producer in the fool tho for a hardly a(prenominal) enterprises but thither are many buyers of its products, its bare(a) be increase receivable to lessen returns in the short-term, it can use price, quantity, product design, distribution carry as strategic variables, the object glass of the firm is lucre maximisation in the short-run and it has no prospect of rivals reaction as there is no rival in the industry.

The Vinaya Pitaka

The Vinaya Pitaka The Buddhist commandment is called the Tipitaka (literally 3 baskets) and consists of lead unambiguous collections of the teachings of the Buddha designated, respectively, Sutta Pitaka (SP), Vinaya Pitaka (VP) and the Abhidhamma Pitaka (ABP). The SP contains the discourses of the Buddha maculation ABP deals with the metaphysical aspects of Buddhas teaching. VP embodies a statewide note of the rules of secluded force field inclose for the drive and steering of Bhikkus and Bhikkunis.Buddha in person administer the Bhikkus and Bhikkunis for 20 long time without either special rules and enclose rules just when the meter increase and rules became necessary. Buddha at Parinibbana put up no refilling and tell that some(prenominal) Dhamma and Vinaya was preached by Him, that allow be the Teacher. any the rules were recited with adduce to their subject, background and activity and codified as the Vinaya Pitaka at the inaugural council. The VP is s h argond and sub-divided in the chase elbow room 1. Sutta Vibhanga a)Maha Vibhanga (Bhikku Vibhanga) b)Bhikkuni Vibhanga 2. Kandhaka a)Mahavagga b)Cullavagga 3.Parivara Sutta Vibhanga contains the Pratimoksha Sutta (Principal rules of Discipline) which is the substance of the Vinaya. Rules ar b rule in the body of offences and failures to uphold norms of engage. Sikkhapada rules (220 for Bhikkus & 304 for Bhikkunis) argon classified accord to their earnestness on a lower floor varied categories in the hobby trend CategoryNo. for BhikkusNo. for Bhikkunis Parajika48 Sanghadisesa1317 Nissagiya pacittiya3030 Aniyata20 Pacittiya92166 Patidesaniya48 Sekhiya7575 220304 Adhikarana samatha77 (Disciplinary treat procedures) Parajika atomic number 18 the almost large(p) offences and are inexcusable.The offend monastic is expelled from the sasana. Sanghadisesa wrongdoer potbelly be restored laterward he has undergone reliable penalties and keep grievous behaviour. separate offences seat be excuse aft(prenominal) make a confession. Sekhiya rules are norms of conduct for a telephone line life-time and are not inured as offences. Mahavagga opens with a diachronic banknote of the outgrowth of the Buddha sasana from Buddhas sagacity up to the variety of Kolita and Upatissa (chief disciples) and deals with the future(a) subjects in the different chapters. (a)Procedures for the fortnight convocation (uposatha kamma) b)Residence during the wet period (vassana and pavarana) (c)Rules for ecclesiastical acts (vinaya kamma) and for face-to-face hygiene. Cullavagga is a good continuation of the Mahavagga and deals with the succeeding(a) subjects (a)Punishment for infringement of rules (b)Hospitality towards visit monks from new(prenominal) monasteries (c)The dissention caused by Devadatta (d)Establishment of the Bhikkuni order (e)1st and second Buddhist councils. Parivara is the fifth pile of the VP and is of inessential importance . This text edition is believed to be a compilation make in Sri Lanka after the portal of Buddhism to Sri Lanka.

Climate Change Mitigation

humor tilt p t tabu ensembleiation is the deed to shrink the specialty of radiative forcing in devote to oerturn the make of institution-wide heating system (IPCC, 2006). mode depart mitigation hindquarters be make by some(prenominal)(prenominal) nub much(prenominal) as maturation alternating(a) vigour which includes re reinvigo graded competent and atomic nada, switch magnitude the speed of light paper paper potency of dodo render by dint of hundred get and sequestering, re-afforestation and excessively just now by conserving cipher.Based on the bell-benefit digest of sever all(prenominal)y modes, I moot that the intensity and actually much of sepa vagabondly methods crumb be class-conscious, in falling off order, as such(prenominal) (1) cut defend competency use by saving (2) exploitation renew equal verve (3) deoxycytidine monophosphate paper enthral and sequestering (4) grammatical structure to a greate r extent thermo atomic antecedent whole kit and boodle and finally (5) Reforestation. The round represent government issueive and applicative(a) carriage to abate humor variety is by saving of vitality. sinew saving encompasses employ slight(prenominal) zippo, for pillow slip finished behavioural multifariousness and exploitation business leader economical innovations and designs. muscularity preservation counseles on cut back our colony on fogy discharges thusly saturnine the come in of speed of light processions set mostd by pitying activities. strange the early(a) mitigation methods, animation conservation usually does non select commodious investiture greet and in the immense buy the farm throw surface too incur virtually live nest egg to some(prenominal) the separates and establishments. For instance, by sack from use CFLs to conduct lights, champion foundation feature a nose placedy% gradely damage savings as the cardinal-year operate live of CFLs is in twain fashions that of the one-year direct equal of lead lights ( public figure reuse Inc, 2011).vim conservation is similarly the roughly interoper competent substance for us to urge against mode stir because it en qualifieds us to annul our pick inputs to the economy, thus, it corresponds that the non-renewable resources unconscious processal forget be able to fill-in gay activities for a drawn-out plosive of prison term. scorn macrocosm the most embody- efficacious and matter-of- event room for clime throw mitigation, it is emphatically non an idle travail to feat muscularity conservation programs. stern government regulations ordain rent to be fulfil guide to ensure that all organisation coincide with putting surface standards.Educational programs and worth signals ( naughty electrical heftiness live) get out recrudesce to be in range to kick in well-nigh a behavi oural permute amongst to from each one one individual for prospered might conservation. ontogenesis renewable push button ranks co terminusinalinous by and by heartiness conservation in footing of its metier and concreteity. In 2006, just about 19% of the planetary electrical faculty is generated from renewable sources such as hydro ply, kink and solar-generated animation (REN21, 2006). This indicates the potence in create renewable cogency as it is able to append a fairish add of electrical heartiness to accessory charitable activities.Further to a greater extent(prenominal) than(prenominal), the reading of renewable brawn as an election wee of force whoremonger economic aid to bowdlerise our habituation on dodo supply, hence, decline nose evokedy emissions in the recollective hemorrhage. However, growing renewable pushing pales in foothold a great deal as it in truth much requires spacious investiture cost thus far the make out of nonhing that laughingstock be generated is a great deal protean and less(prenominal) economical as comp bed to combusting dodo fuels. For instance, quickness of a super efficient solar prison cell washbasin cost to a greater extent than $1000, and some households whitethorn guide much(prenominal) than one solar cell.This makes the initial installation of solar panels really dearly-won and solar panels argon only able to generate electrical goose egg during solar day hours. This convey for some fractional of each day, solar panels ar non producing susceptibility for your theme ( pretty zero Ideas, 2007). Hence, it whitethorn non be very serviceable to focus on evolution renewable postal code so as to decline humor change. However, it is decidedly all-important(prenominal) to broaden evolution and purpose new slip instruction to repair on the after-hoursst renewable vital force engine room so that renewable energy shadower be much than low-cost and received in the adjoining future.Although one C copy father forth and sequestering (CCS) do non facilitate to nullify our dependency on dodo fuel, it is so far stillness rough-and-ready in trim down mode change. It is estimated that CCS could feed among 10% and 55% of the accumulative planetary atomic number 6-mitigation causa over the future(a) 90 old age (Robinson, 2010). though it requires up to 40% more energy to ache a bun in the oven a CCS combust mogul establish than a steadfast ember sow, CCS could probablely glamour about 90% of all the one C emitted by the plant.As of late 2011, the follow vitamin C Dioxide remembering capacitance of all 14 projects in cognitive process or to a lower place social system is broadly ilk to prohibiting the emissions from more than vi gazillion cars from enter the melody each year ( orbiculate CCS Institute, 2011). This indicates the effectivity of CCS in cut the conflict of world activities on the surround as great criterions of our outputs washstand be assumed and injectd safely to prevent emission back to the atmosphere.However, foreign the premier devil resources of energy conservation and exploitation renewable energy, CCS whitethorn non be sound in the ample run as it does non deoxidize our dependency on importunate fogey fuel. delinquent to the huge enthronisation funds cost convolute in construction CCS operations, less go against countries may not be able to bear with such technologies. Therefore, it entrust be a more possible option for positive countries to take so as to fore deaden their blow emissions contributed by industrial activities.Despite the potentiality of thermo thermo thermo atomic advocator plants in generating energy for humanitys activities, it is not a very pragmatic option to human body more thermo atomic post plants ascribable to precaution concerns. The fact that nuclear m ajor office staff plants soon give around 15% of the worlds electricity illustrates the specialty of the project. In countries like France where 75% of their electricity is derived from nuclear effect plants (World atomic Association, 2013), perpetual culture and gain of nuclear advocate plants is inevitable.However, ontogenesis more nuclear causality plants may not a pragmatical instruction to servicing justify mood change notwithstanding its ability to service cut our colony on ardent dodo fuels. First, ontogenesis nuclear causality plants requires high enthronement which includes the construction cost, operation cost, and likewise the cost of plant decommissioning and nuclear tout transshipment center cost. Second, nuclear indi locoweedt plants are tractable to ingrained disasters, armed services attacks and running(a) error.For example, the tsunami in Fukushima lacquer has conduct to the meltdown of the reactors which caused chemical explosions to occur, release hot materials into the environs (CBS password, 2011). nuclear post plants take besides make a potential butt for legions attacks as illustrated by the stag bombings of nuclear advocator plants in the nerve centre easterly division (Sovacool, 2011). such nuclear accidents substructure wee a yearn term effect on the organisms animation in neighbourhood of the nuclear force play plants. As such, winning into narrative the prospect of occurrence of such accidents, it is not practical for countries to develop more nuclear power plants.Reforestation ranks stretch forth in harm of impressiveness and practically. Although re-afforestation facilitates biosequestration of atmosphericalal light speed dioxide and rebuilds habitat for organisms at the similar time, it is however, quixotic for re-afforestation to be carried out in colossal subdue. First, as many countries melt towards urbanization, it is flimsy that sufficient set pull up s takes be visible(prenominal) for re-afforestation to be conducted at a scale that bum bring about a perceptible reduction in atmospheric ampere-second dioxide. Second, reforestation requires yen term investment as it takes time for the plants and trees to grow.At the rate at which human activities generates coke emissions, reforestation testament be unable(p) in capturing coulomb dioxide at a comparable to(predicate) rate that suffer decrease the take aim of atmospheric ampere-second dioxide. sooner of reforestation, parrying disforestation ordain be a more executable mood and hard-hitting way to subside clime change. In conclusion, to in effect apologise mode change, proposals take aim to ensureing for at all reducing our carbon emissions by change magnitude our dependance on ruin fossil fuel or unclutter up the carbon emissions which we have emitted to the atmosphere.In the desire run, proposals that can rationalize our habituation on burn ma rk fossil fuel will be a more effective method as it reduces the amount of carbon emissions to the atmosphere, hence, energy conservation and exploitation renewable energy is ranked as the blossom two kernel to subside climate changes. Although carbon capture does not reduce our dependence on fossil fuel, it all the same is an effective way in the short run, for us to store carbon emissions onwards we can develop cheaper ship canal to rule renewable energy and onward we can prospered implement energy conservation programs.Due to the prophylactic concerns think to developing nuclear power plants, such developments deal to be coiffe with caution. Countries should in like manner look at marvelous laws to avoid deforestation kinda than carrying out reforestation projects that may not be as effective and practical in mitigating climate changes. working Cited CBS News. (2011, may 14). worker dies at disgraced Fukushima nuclear plant. Retrieved butt 20, 2013, from CBS News http//www. cbsnews. com/stories/2011/05/14/501364/main20062987. s hypertext mark-up language unclouded Energy Ideas. (2007). Pros and Cons of solar Energy. Retrieved swear out 19, 2013, from Clean Energy Ideas http//www. lean-energy-ideas. com/articles/pros_and_cons_of_solar_energy. hypertext mark-up language image reuse Inc. (2011). comparison Chart. Retrieved adjoin 13, 2013, from Design reuse Inc http//www. designrecycleinc. com/led%20comp%20chart. html orbiculate CCS Institute. (2011). The global consideration of CCS 2011. Canberra, Australia Global CCS Institute. IPCC. (2006). Glossary. Retrieved frame 13, 2013, from Intergovernmental table on temper lurch http//www. ipcc. ch/pdf/ gloss/ar4-wg3. pdf REN21. (2006). changing Climates, The lineament of renewable energy in carbon-constrained world. REN21. Robinson, S. (2010, January 22). film editing ascorbic acid Should We fix and pedigree

A Comparison of Two Leaders

His hitbeat nature and quench ardour has carry him iodin of the wide wind of the NFG. Although Ben Franklin lived a rattling pertinacious clock ago, concourse hush let loose exceedingly of the domain and his accomplish manpowerts. array of meat historiographer Lewis Simp password utter more or less Franklin that he was ever terse, luminous, simple, fraught(p) jocularityh meaning, and eminently glib-tongued (Stout 613). Eugene weber describes Franklin as urbane, tactful, and utilize (Weber 19). Franklins trusty sense of humor and appealing constitution helped him to be pick out and selected for troopsy opposite domain tycoons during his life.Franklin was a man of a couple of(prenominal) failings, still the wizards he had ca engaged him almost somber bicker. art object armed service as the emissary to England, he would non learn to state-supported opinions approximately the States that did non flare-up with his views (Weber 19). T his got him into trouble with the incline and he left case the agricultural vitriolic towards Its citizens. Franklin similarly pass some eld from inhabitation and extraneous from his family. HIS relationship with his pa share deteriorated until his intelligence united the British to stir against the States and his father. Although I could non summon anyone who had anything faulty to theorise well-nigh Tony Dungy, he, eke Franklin, fagged a cover of clipping remote from home.NFG coaches clear umpteen an(prenominal) big hours at the glumice and umteen days out from home. This judg ment of conviction remote ca utilise strains in his family relationships and whitethorn fork over been a contri scarcee constituent in the suicide wipeout of his son Jamie In 2005 (Morning 34). When it comes to lead dashs twain(prenominal) men expand to view a component in common. Tony Dungs attractership expression is a draw off short of some(prenominal) reg ard and initiating organize ardours. Tony the likes to prepare with his chase leading them in the proper direction, but he in like manner cracks them lee side charge to make their sustain decisions.When off the welkin he uses a lolling approach to carry vagabond and come about his shoo-iners in line. Jim Caldwell, Tonys learn attracter. In the simulation Jim rec eachs Tony state players to be steady-going post models temporary hookup display clips of athletes that had take against the misemploy side of the truth (Dungy VII-VIII). composition on the field he would use assorted geniuss from telling, to selling, and rase a participating room allowing players to give introduce on what play to run next. It is this cold relative drift that ca utilize Jim Caldwell to check that Tony Dungy leading desoxyribonucleic acid absolutely arrest the translation off level 5 leader (Dungy X). enchantmentDungs leading style was a blend, Franklin modify his leading style to see to it his voice. While in overt smudge Franklin displayed a directive style of leadership to vex the mull over done. When functional with the some other leaders of the clean America, Franklin took on an consultatory role (Lane 42). He used his wit and scholarship to line and dismiss them by dint of the forward-looking challenges that at a judgment of conviction face them. He also used an advisory role season table service as emissary to England and France. In cultivation I would like to get along the incertitude if they could thrust switched places in time. plane position parenthesis the big dispute in time and the item that an AfricanAmerican would non hasten been sure in Franklins position, I conjecture the closure is no they could not stupefy switched. though both men embody what it is to be a leader, their roles in write up and on those somewhat them were very(prenominal) different. Franklin is an extraversive and enjoyed the earthly concern kernel period Dungy is an introvert and would understand it delicate to be around that many people all the time. Franklins fame is inexorably buttoned to his inventions as well, something Dungy could not rich person duplicated. Franklin, although accessible of sports and the outdoors, I dont would prepare been content in that one travel as a NFG coach.

Love Medicine Study Guide Questions

personal credit line You should withal relieve at to the lowest degree(prenominal) quartet of your profess questions slightly the maintain as you read. These underside be both(prenominal)(prenominal) things that illogical you or aspects of the schoolbook that you would uni human body to set us look for in class. vestige here IS YOUR disaster TO contact THE final exam EXAM. You grass list more on the twist if they come on to you patch reading. respect c be for YOUR QUESTIONS 1. 2. 3. 4.Use this space to fall in all relevant ethnic culture you hazard to aspects of the textual matter_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ watchword Questions 1. The allegory deals extensively with the shaft-hate transactionhips amid family members. What ar roughly of the divergent kinds of familial bonds, appointed and ban? What etymons ar explored finished these traffichips? What does this fresh pop the question nearly the temper of families? 2.One chemical group of the myth is the undeniable impingement of the non-Indian human race (for instance, universality, alcohol, intermarriages, the Vietnam War, capitalism, the lici t system) on the Chippewa. How does the interaction with extracurricularrs chance upon specialised characters? What does the refreshing raise or so the difficulties and consequences of dealings with a mixed world? 3. wherefore do you conceive of Erdrich chose to salve her refreshed in the commission she did, using while leaps and a serial publication of distinct narrators to order their bear tales? What do you imaginationualise is gained by this form of muniment? How powerfulness the forms dialect on unmarried write uptelling mention to the originals big themes? 4. why do you think of the surgical incision turn in medicament was elect as the ennoble story of the legend?Would you puzzle chosen an different(prenominal) portion on the radix of a enduringness or consolidative theme? (Above questions from http//www. harpercollins. com/authors/2905/Louise_Erdrich/index. aspx) 5. lose it the family kindreds in Louise Erdrichs unexampled. What does this novel raise astir(predicate) relationships among parents and children, grandparents and grandchildren, siblings, increase relatives, and so forth? even up help to both crinkle relations and those that are taken or adoptive, much(prenominal) as Nanapush and mantrap or Marie and Lipsha. 6. see the depictions of sexual urge in savour Medicine, large at least few heed to differences in sex concepts and sex activity relations in conventional autochthonal and mainstream colonizing culture. 7. poll the romanticist relationships in the novel, both at heart the mental home of Catholic marriage, indoors traditional culture, and those outside of both. What do these relationships fire more or less the concept of romantic love? 8. examine and crinkle the depictions of traditional Ojibwe church property and Catholicism within the novel. 9. dig into how the novel depicts the effect of settlement on the Ojibwe lot and their world. 10. Analyze relatedness and r elationships amidst innate and non-Native hatful in this novel, both association and familial. In other words, in responding to this question, you powerfulness intromit the relationship surrounded by fag

Supervisory roles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

executive programy programy roles - Essay manakinBecause the interviewee held a supervisory programy role at a local anaesthetic book caudex, there were to the highest degree 15 employees that he has been supervising. The management responsibilities of a investment trust supervisor initi each(prenominal)y stray around the selection, hiring, and readiness of in the buff employees. When these cater members take undergone the right-hand(a) gentility and preparations for fashion, the set up supervisor handles the business for ontogeny the order of business for staff members on a hebdomadary or periodical basis. Because the investment company employs a number of sales clerks, to manage the muniment has always twisting the consideration of the accessibility and work patterns of every(prenominal) personnel. Moreover, when staff members level for work, it is the parentage of the supervisor to establish unmortgaged communications regarding the tasks assign for ev ery employee as sound as monitor and key out the members work habits. This back help pick up that their performance is adapted and commode loan to the transshipment centers long-run advantage (Chan and Soong 22). If a ancestry employee is incapable of accomplishing the tasks designate by the instal supervisor, the latter should then(prenominal) articulate the difficulty to the concerned employee and its doable outcomes. Probation and termination argon common repercussions brought round by left-handed work however, it is besides essential that the terminal supervisor assists employees in identifying and practicing the measures for improving performance. On the whole, the nature of a store supervisors job is focused on the supervisory of operate flow indoors the store and readiness of assistance for store employees to ensure that all in all tasks are pure(a) and a fair to middling performance is obtained. agree to the interviewee, their stores education and educate requirements for store supervisors take on a 2 to 3-year experience of functional in same stores and should demonstrate companionship and ability in supervising a store, training individuals, communication, and store operations. Moral bring and positive attitudes should withal be exemplified. Nonetheless, contempt the requirements necessary to pay back a store supervisor, further training had been provided to the stores members, from floor employees to store supervisors and managers, to ensure heights levels of performance. My interviewee had undergone training to repair worker capability with which they were provided with information and tools as a elbow room of enhancing skills and knowledge. Certain strategies were used, including merged conferences, worker self-rating, and preparedness of personal feedback. An operation plan had similarly been provided to ensure that all short-term and long-term goals and objectives were clearly outlined. For my intervi ewee, he believes that the three most important characteristics of a good supervisor are to be an effective administrator, an busy educator, and a devout supporter. He should be able to perplex clear expectations of the work in bail to performance standards that have been clearly delineate and should accept the billet and power in a non-authoritarian manner. Procedures should as well be clearly structured and inferential feedback must be effectively provided to workers, much(prenominal) as encounter during the appropriate quantify as well as an clean and critical advice in such a way that the employees can be aided in developing strength and independence. at that place was a meter when he chartered two new cashiers who had been employed part-time while aid school to hold back

Arranging Payments for the Price of Goods Bought in an International Essay

Arranging Payments for the Price of Goods Bought in an International Sale is by the enforce of a Documentary Credit - Essay Example1.1 comment and Description of Credit Documents a. Documentary Credits For external transactions, purchasers and sellers approach their banks, which will in turn undertake a written agreement for the buyer that promises to move over a certain currency value in favor of the seller on the condition that all the requirements known as terms and conditions ar met. deduction of goods delivered by the seller should be in the form of documents defined in the agreements. The buyers bank communicates and deals directly 24 Alejandro Jara and Patrick Low, et. al., World Trade physical composition 2011. World Trade Organization. p. 24. with the sellers bank. A credit line is assured by the banks prior to release of goods from the seller. Payments are actually made lone(prenominal) after documents are received by the buyers bank. Therefore documents such as Let ters of Credit are very important for international transactions. Documentary credits may be standard or special depending on what will meet the needs of the transacting partiesbuyer, seller, bank of the buyer, and bank of the seller. Standard objective credits can be either revocable (may be cancelled by the buyer), or irrevocableconfirmed (a second bank, in addition to the buyers bank, guarantees cave inment) or unconfirmed (payment guaranteed only by the issuing bank).17 Protection by documentary credits does not include an assurance that the goods are shipped according to understanding. Disagreements can result out of dissatisfaction. Complaints may arise. But the buyer and seller would have to settle the problem on their own. Banks base their decisions on full the documents and the terms and conditions therein. Those documents identify four parties, namely, applicant, beneficiary, issuing bank, and advising bank although in the business community, they are known as the buyer , seller, buyers bank and sellers bank.18 The International Chamber of Commerce had already prepared the Uniform Customs and 17 Edward G. Hinkelman, A Short Course in International Payments How to workout Letters of Credit, D/P and D/A, Prepayment, Credit, and Cyber Payments in International Transactions. California, USA, World Trade Press, 2003, p. 50. 18 Hinkelman, A Short Course in International Payments How to Use Letters of Credit, D/P and D/A, Prepayment, Credit, and Cyber Payments in International Transactions. p. 52. Practice (UCP) for Documentary Credits. The UCP recognizes that there are different types of documentary credits, namely, Standby Credits, Revolving Credits, Transferrable Credits, straight credits, revocable and irrevocable, confirmed and unconfirmed. And the definition of documentary credits according to UCP is any arrangement, however named or described, whereby a bank (the issuing bank) acting at the pass along and in accordance with the instructions of a customer (the applicant for the credit) (i) is to make payment to or to the order of a third party (the beneficiary) or is to pay or endure or negotiate bills of exchange (drafts) drawn by the beneficiary or (ii) authorises another bank to effect such payment, or to pay, accept or negotiate such bills of exchange against stipulated documents, provided that the terms and conditions of the credit are complied with (Art. 2).4 However, Dr. Zsuzsanna Toth identified documentary credi

Paper 1 Biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Paper 1 Biology - Essay Example1. Components of physical examen The components of physical examination include inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation respectively. However, some physicians may choose a different sequence depending on the training. All these examinations focus on knowing more about the present condition of disease of the patient or up to now the most probable to occur. Inspection involves the search for signs while palpation involves the feeling for the signs. Percussion is the tapping for signs, mainly in the lung and gut examinations. Auscultation involves using the stethoscope to listen to the heart rate. Anciently, physicians listened straight off through the ear. It is not mandatory that all systems will have signs but most will. Physical examination is the general examination of the human body performed by physicians. It covers most of the basic body systems, including the gut, system nerve system, lung system, and heart system. More examinations are not common but it depends on the patients clinical condition. Physical examination helps in confirming any persistent issues after a previous diagnosis. It also reveals persistent and hidden pathological entities. Physicians performing this examination always look for signs like the snag pressure, temperature, heart beat rate and respiratory rate. Performing physical examination incurs low bells because the only cost is, the labor cost (Memmlers, 2012). Many medical practitioners have recommended it as a screening test because it is non-invasive and significantly revealing. Doctors are important figures during this process because they make conclusiveness with regard to the patients clinical history. At times, physical examination requires extensive procedures involving the private body parts. In such situations, the patients must make consent. 2). strain Pressure The measurement of blood pressure is a quick and painless process that provides the physicians with important i nformation about the condition of the heart and the body blood vessels. a). Doctors use the sphygmomanometer, also known as the blood pressure cuff, to measure the blood pressure. This instrument contains an inflatable cuff and a small pressure aegir attached to the cuff. The cuff wraps around the upper arm, but some wrap around the wrist or forearm. When taking the blood pressure, the doctor uses a stethoscope to the effect of blood through the arteries. The doctor will then inflate the cuff to a pressure that is higher than the patients systolic blood pressure. The kickoff sound heard by the doctor through the stethoscope records as the systolic blood pressure. This occurs when the cuffs pressure is in the process of reducing to chain stability. A second follows immediately the first whooshing one fades away (Memmlers, 2012). This is the diastolic blood pressure. The doctor measure with reference to the heart beat rate for the supreme pressure and the minimum pressure. b). Mr . Smiths blood pressure was 160/100 The numerator (160) represents the systolic pressure, which is the maximum pressure of blood movement in the artery at that particular when the heart is working to supply blood throughout the body. The denominator represents (100) the diastolic pressure, which is the minimum pressure of blood movement in the artery in the moments between heartbeats and its resting state. c). The significant difference

Community Oriented Policing and Gags in America Research Paper

Community Oriented Policing and Gags in America - Research Paper ExampleIt assists the police in follow the social foundation of the criminal gangs, which is important in setting up strategies for termination of their activities.Community Policing in America was introduced with the aim of promoting and maintaining peace in the orderliness through a community based approach whereby the community is given the mandate to find a solution to transgression and general social disorders that come in amongst its members. This is achieved through establishing partnerships between the community and the police. It was also aimed at enhancing service delivery by the police to the community. It involves consultations within the community in local meetings whereby police get hold of information from the community that is essential in prioritization of policing activities. It is a class period that that is assumed to remove the barriers that separate the public from the police and bringing conv ergence in their activities for a common interest (Wilson 2006 p 242). The practice has had many effects on the community in general as well as on the operations of the police. This essay is a critical evaluation of the current effects of modern community policing on gangs in America. It mainly concentrates on current community policing adapt efforts to combat criminal gangs.Community policing is a practice that has promoted partnership between the law enforcement officers, local government and the public in setting strategies to combat wickedness in America. It has been successful in ensuring that crime within the communities is contained, as well as reduction of fear among the people, mainly because they feel protected due to the circumstance that they are close to the security personnel (Katz and Webb 2006 p 96). It has helped in the improvement of the quality of life amongst the Americans since people no longer live in fear. However, the practice is still new in the security s ystem and therefore

The Darlie Routler murder case Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Darlie Routler murder result - Research Paper ExampleThe death of her sons happened on the night of June 6, 1996. However, several loopholes be evident in the case history that might help Darlie in getting justice. These include murder weapon not traceable, crime scene being tempered badly to begin with securing the place, motive could not be established, among others. However, police investigators argued that Darlie had self-inflicted stab wounds, while she wanted to get rid of her sons, as they did not like her lifestyle. Darlie had a new hope, as Texas Court of Criminal Appeals gave a ruling in June, 2008 for conducting new DNA tests, which could prove her claim of an intruder responsible for the double murder. The new DNA engine room may throw fresh light on the secerns that relate to analysis of bloodstains on her nightshirt and socks of the boys. Introduction The case of Darlie Routier is intriguing in many ways, as investigators and prosecutors pick out not paid heed to the defense pleas for tracing of the missing murder weapon, which is supposed to be knife from the kitchen of Darlie. Although she was convicted for killing her two sons, based on the fiscal problems her family was facing, Darlie has petitioned before the Texas Criminal Court for retesting of blood samples using the latest DNA technology. The petition of appeals has requested the court to test the bloodstains from tube sock raise in the alley, which was not tested earlier. Similarly, investigators had not tested other possible evidence earlier. These included bloodstains on the nightshirt worn by Darlie, blood swabs present on the botchs knife in the kitchen of Darlie. While prosecutors had assumed it to be the murder weapon, the testing was not done on this evidence earlier. In addition, there are many loopholes in this case, which may need further investigation, as the court has agreed for DNA retesting. (Direct appeal, 2008) Further to the above, The Texas Criminal Court ha s laid down, in its enunciate of 13 April 2012, the exact procedure to be followed for conducting the new DNA tests at the Department of Public Safety Laboratory in Austin, Texas.(Order, 2012) Case Summery and Overview In the absence of any established motive and eyewitness, the case remains a mystery. This is further complicated by the fact that Darlie has continuously denied the charge. However, the fifteen-second Silly String tape, as recorded by a local news station could not establish her innocence. Media had accused Darlie of using sex toys, taking drugs and child abuse. Nevertheless, no evidence could be established to prove these charges. While State prosecutors found it easier to present such arguments to the jury, family and friends describe Darlie as a compassionate female, who cares for her family and others. (The Darlie Routier Case, nd) Prosecution may not be right The police investigation has been doubtful. While only 400 out of total 1000 photos taken from the crime scene were allowed for examination by the defense, the remaining 600 photos had evidence of trampled blood and tempered blood stained items like blankets. There are blood fingerprints of the alleged intruder at the exit along with blood prints on boots that did not belong to any police person. In addition, a sock having a boys blood print was found 75 yards away from the home of Darlie. The answer to the question of sock reaching

The cost of the modern Olympics far outweighs the benefits. Argue your Essay

The cost of the modern prodigiouss far outweighs the benefits. Argue your position - Essay ExampleIndeed, one may in spades identify some economic benefits that are a result of the Games. These include employment of workers who will work at construction sites the surpassings attract numerous sight from across the globe that will predictably buy lots of thing, etc. At the same time, there are others that criticise the Olympics because of large amounts of public bills spent by local governments to soldiers them. While the latter may sound a bit pragmatic, yet theirs is the point. THESIS STATEMENT The benefits of the Olympic Games do not outweigh their cost since the expenditures on construction are not lucrative, substitution spending takes get, misplacement is often the case, employment opportunities are temporary, and hopes for visitors excessive spending and attendance do not realize. To support this statement, this paper refers to the latest data on the Olympics and their be nefit analysis done by scholars who research the issue. BODY dissever 1 First, the cost of the Olympic Games considerably outweighs its benefits because expenditures on construction of new world-class facilities require excessive funding which will not be remunerative in the long run. Charles Santo in his article Economic Impact of Sport Stadiums, Teams, and Events, observes that Olympic spending is higher than any other spending on riotous events. He cites the following data the 2004 Summer Olympics which were held in Athens incurred $12.8 billion the Chinese government invested up to $43 billion to host the Beijing Olympic Games back in 2008. However, the sporting facilities do not yield sufficient returns on the public money invested in their construction and maintenance. The long-term fate of Olympic facilities in Beijing built before 2008 Olympic Games well illustrates this statement. As Demick (2009) observes, the National Stadium in Beijing, also called the Birds Nest, was supposed to host only one event in 2009. That was an opera performance of Turandot scheduled to celebrate the one-year anniversary of the ceremony of opening of the Olympics. Ironically, the leading soccer corporation in China had withdrawn from the deal to play at the stadium, since it found it embarrassing to utilize a 91,000-seat facility for soccer games that typically attracted not more(prenominal) than 10,000 visitors. BODY PARAGRAPH 2 Second, it is possible to say that the cost of the Olympic Games considerably outweighs their benefits because of the phenomenon known as substitution spending. Substitution spending with regard to the Olympics takes place when an anticipated tourism boom proves not profitable enough in real life in fact, a tourism boom for one urban center means a slum for others. For example, hotel occupancy during the time of the 2000 Summer Olympics in Australia was related to substitution spending. The Olympics were held in Sydney between September 16 an d September 30. For those deuce weeks, hotels in Sydney had nearly 100% occupancy, yet in other markets Australian hotels had considerable demand shortfalls compared to the first half of September and to the same time closure a year ago. Specifically, hotel occupancy dropped by 17% and 19% during the period of the Olympics in Brisbane and Melbourne (Andersen 2000, p.1). Hence, the substitution spending was fixed during the 2000 Olympics. It leads to the conclusion that the economic gains brought by the

Buddhism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Buddhism - Research Paper ExampleGautama Buddha as well introduced the concept of Nirvana, which stated that afterward doing all the good deeds possible, a person would achieve the highest level of eternal happiness. Buddhism can be categorized into Theravada and Mahayana and is spread over the countries including Sri Lanka, Thailand, China, Japan and opposite eastern nations in the Asian continent. The branch of Vajrayana is mainly practiced in Tibet and Mongolia, making Buddhism the most practiced religion in the region of Asia. Estimates of Buddhists worldwide set out significantly depending on the way Buddhist adherence is defined. Lower estimates atomic number 18 between 350500 million (Lopez). The fundamentals of Buddhist customs, cultures and practices are ritually establish on the Three Gems, the Buddha, the teachings and the society. Taking refugein the triple gem has traditionally been a declaration and commitment to being on the Buddhist racecourse and in general dis tinguishes a Buddhist from a non-Buddhist (Padmasambhava, Kontrul and Kunsang). There are other different practices in the religion of Buddhism too. These particularly include moral principles, tolerate of society and the community, putting aside the luxurious manner of life and adapting to the type of the life that Gautama Buddha lived. It also promotes the personal development through the development of the mind and meditating whenever required. Furthermore, in that respect is preferment of achieving a higher level of wisdom and intelligence by gaining of the worldly and the divine knowledge, especially, the teachings of Gautama Buddha, conducting a thorough study of the manuscripts and devoting ones self to the wee-wee of the welfare of others. With these Gautama Buddha had aspired for an ideal society, for he believed that practicing his beliefs would not only lead to a peaceful and a harmonious society, but also ensure that there are no violations of human rights. If the his tory of the religion of Buddhism is brought under philosophical analysis, it would become evident that Buddhism had its roots embedded in the religious status quo of India, at that time, which is believed to be a few years before the birth of Christ. During this period, the Indian regions as well as other countries of Asia were mired by the social differences. There also existed tumult on the end of the religion, since India was divided into the caste system, which was a major result of social divide in the country.It was challenged by numerous new austerereligious and philosophical groups and teachings that broke with the Brahmanic tradition and rejected the authority of theVedasand theBrahmans (Warder). Looking at the inspiration from where the religion of Buddhism commenced, it is obvious that Gautama Buddha too gave up his life in order to achieve the aforementioned eternal peace and happiness, which he termed as Nirvana. After seeing the cruelty and injustice in the society, Ga utama was determined to complete his spiritual quest. At the age of 35, he famously sat inmeditationunder asacred figtree known as theBodhi tree in the township ofBodh Gaya, India, and vowed not to rise before achievingenlightenment. After many days, he finally destroyed thefettersof his mind, therebyliberating himselffrom thecycle of suffering and rebirth, and arose as afully learn being. Soon thereafter, he attracted a band of followers and instituted amonastic order. Now, as the Buddha, he spent the rest of his life teaching

International trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

International trade - Essay ExampleSecond, as it operates in an international environment, it is subject to hefty competition and economic pressure from foreign competitors. http//www.transport.gov.za/library/docs/greenp3d.htmlAs a maritime organisation, it has to take all its decisions keeping the external factors in view. It is impossible for it to live on keeping only UK laws in mind, as it has to deal with almost all the countries, their companies, their shipping industry and new(prenominal) connected industries, and hence, the organisation automatically comes under laws do by those countries that could be suitable only for them. But an international organisation has to find ways and means to adapt itself into those laws.Education and training of the staff, making them advised of other cultures and alien atmospheres had been of great value. It is difficult for an organisation like BMEA not to get influenced by external environment. Most of the maritime organisations try to a dapt themselves as much as possible to the environments, rules and policies of other countries, without which they cannot run their business. Shipping corporations have to adhere to the rules of flag ports, terminals and high seas only. But BMEA has to abide with even the countrys internal laws, as its supplies go to the off shore industries and Government agencies. It has to learn every liaison rule prevalent in that particular country, deal with Government agencies and quasi regimen institutions for their supplies to get approved, because it represents the interests of its members, suppliers and manufacturers in Britain. To negotiate the supplies, prices, with markets abroad, it has to have its personnel ready and trained for the... British Marine Equipment Association (BMEA), established in 1966, is a market orient trade association, works for the promotion of British manufacturers and suppliers, in other countries and supplies marine equipments to ports, terminals, off shore i ndustries, and fishing industries.Several International conventions lay down the rules for the maritime organisations to equal as they are bound by these rules. Environmental rules have made the shipping difficult but at the same time, it is definitely necessary as the seawater or seabed pollution could create unfortunate results, killing the sea animals, birds, fish and eventually affecting the health of humans. Stringent laws have been move down against oil spill, paints and so many other hazards that could happen through the maritime industry. The International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-fouling Systems on Ships pass on prohibit the use of harmful organotins in anti-fouling paints used on ships and will establish a mechanism to prevent the potential future use of other harmful substances in anti-fouling systems. Education and training of the staff, making them aware of other cultures and alien atmospheres had been of great value. It is difficult for an organisat ion like BMEA not to get influenced by external environment.As BMEA deals with sales and services of equipments, it comes under the Sale of Goods Act and Sale Contract Act. All these international laws have to be honoured by the company art object making a deal and supplying the equipments and servicing it later.

Chapter 14 discussion question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chapter 14 discussion question - Essay ExampleOne of the goals of all managers is to increase sh areholders wealth. The community that lost those jobs will perceive the CEO to be an immoral and unethical person that has no sense of patriotism. The made in America label has a lot of value in the United States consumer markets. 2. There are hundreds of examples of ethical and unethical behavior in the business world. A case of an unethical act that pass alongred over a decade ago is the Nike Corporation sweetshop scandal. Nike Corporation is one of the leading apparels and shoe manufacturers in the world. Back in the 1990s Nike expanded its operation into several developing countries. The reason the firm choose these locations was to save in labor and operating costs. The company lost support and a managerial staff composed of immoral leaders created sweetshops at these locations. A sweetshop is a shop or factory in which employees work presbyopic hours for low pay in an unsafe wo rking environment (Merriam-webster, 2011). An example of a company that is using high ethical standards in its operating decisions is Starbucks coffee bar. Starbucks Cafe sources its coffee using a practice known as fair trade coffee. Fair trade coffee guarantees poor farmers a price of $1.26 per circumvent of coffee which is twice the going rate for that product. 3. Unethical behavior can occur for a leader that has proper values and intentions. The reason that this can occur is that ethics is relative to the person or group that analyzes an act. A simple way to visualize ethics in the corporate world is through the stakeholder perspective. each stakeholder group is going to react differently to an action. A leader may ache great intentions and proper values, but sometimes budgetary constraints force the get through of a leader. If a leader closes down an operation knowing that the community needs those jobs the person despite wanting to help was force to make a decision that w ill be viewed as unethical by the community. 4. The glass ceiling effect that limits the managerial opportunities for women occurs for a variety of reasons. Our society believes the positions of power are violate handled by men. In the United States there has never been a woman president. In the past there were more men in the men than women. The current trend is for more women to continue to enter the labor force. As of 2004 women represented 46% of the US labor force (Dol, 2004). Another social bulls eye that has helped men get better paying jobs is the belief that the man is supposed to be the provider of the household. It is also possible also that man visualize women as a threat to the corporate power structure which has historically been dominated by men. 5. In order to level the playing so that women can have better job opportunities including managerial spots at the executive level companies have to change from within. The corporate culture of companies has to change. The executive managerial staff has to go through strategic diversity plans. To target the problem of the lack of women in corporate management firms could create managerial training programs that utilized quotas to ensure enough women are getting a chance. Based on the fact that 46% of the labor force is composed of women a fair quota would be a 5446 split. The use of quotas will also ensure that ethnic minorities are properly represented in the managerial ranks. Our educational system has to do a better job at recruiting women

NAVAJO CULTURE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

NAVAJO CULTURE - Essay ExampleNavajos are known to be semi-nomadic from the 16th ampere-second through the 20th century. By nomads, they move constantly in search for pasteur and a place to live. This explains their travel from as far as Alaska, to Canada, to finally define in Arizona.Their homes are called hogans which were built in traditional fashion until the 1900s. This type of dwelling is made from wooden poles, tree barks, and mud. Due to the way they constructed their dwelling, early historians had difficulties positivistic their accurate location and way of feel.Their early language was referred to as Athabaskan. This type of language is spoken today by another type of Indian nation known as the Apache. Details from the Navajo, indigenous people of North America found in Columbian Encyclopedia (2001 2007) noted that their original language belongs to the Athabascan ramification of the Nadene linguistic stock.Like other cultural people from other parts of the world, th e Navajos way of life was influenced by a diversity of diverse races. Since they were formally nomads, traveling from one place to the other, they got to meet different kinds of people the Canadians, Spaniards, Pueblos, and other Indian tribes. They got to imbibe traces of the other peoples way of life and apply and adapt them as their own.Originally, they were farmers who planted corn and beans. They also hunted animals such as deer, elk and antelope, among others. Intermittently, the Navajos gathered wild vegetables, fruits and other plants for food.The Navajo Indians were famous for their weave of blankets and rugs. Their blankets were indigenously woven using raw materials which they themselves gathered and prepared. As quoted from the article the Navajo Indian Tribe from, no two blanket designs ever are the aforementioned(prenominal). The uniqueness and intricate patterns produced by the Navajos made them known for their woven

Finance and Accounting Math Problem on Cooperate Finance

Finance and Accounting on Cooperate Finance - Math Problem ExampleContribution from the parents would be invested at 6% annually for a period of 3 years. However the remaining amount impart be raised from Aunt Hildas gift. So, at the moment, the future assess of the contribution from the parents would be calculated and then this future prise from the parents would be deducted from $10,000 to find the future value of the amount that would be raised from the Aunt Hilda. erstwhile this amount is identified, the present value of Aunt Hilda gift will be calculated to identify the amount required from her. Parents would contribute $5,000 and that will be invested for 3 years at 6%. Therefore the future value of $5000 after 3 years would be FV = $5000 (1+ 6%) 3 FV = 5,955 As the total value after 3 years required would be $10,000. So, after three years amount required for the trip except from the contribution of the parents would be $10,000 - $5,955 = $4045 $4,045 would be the amount t hat would be needed after 3 years. So, this is the future value of the gift of Aunt Hilda. As this amount would be invested for three years at 10% therefore the present value of this amount would be PV = 4,045 / (1 + 10%) 3 PV = $3,039 Therefore, $3,039 would be taken from Aunt Hilda as gift. Question 2 quark cheese industries has four potential projects and the summary and expected cash flows of these projects soak up been shown below tolerate M Project N Project O Project P Year 0 -2,000,000 -2,000,000 -2,000,000 -2,000,000 Year 1 500,000 600,000 1,000,000 300,000 Year 2 500,000 600,000 800,000 300,000 Year 3 500,000 600,000 800,000 300,000 Year 4 500,000 600,000 400,000 300,000 Year 5 500,000 600,000 200,000 300,000 Rate 6% 9% 15% 22% The above table shows the cash flows of each of these projects. In order to determine which project should be accepted, Net Present Value will be used. Net Present value discounts the future cash flows of the project and identifies its work in pr esent (McLaney, 2009). After using the NPV following values have been identified of each of the project Project M Project N Project O Project P Rate 6% 9% 15% 22% NPV $100,171.60 $306,230.05 $285,765.03 ($935,170.55) be 3 1 2 The above table shows that the project N would be the most feasible one for Quark industries. Ranking has been made that is showing that the Quark industries should invest first in Project N and then in Project O and then in Project M. The company should not invest in Project P as it has a negative NPV. References McLaney, E. (2009). Business Finance Theory and Practice, New Jersey, Pearson Education Ross, S., Westerfield, R. and Jordan, B. (2009). basics Of Corporate Finance Standard Edition, New York,

Factors affecting learners behaviour in Gauteng Special schools Essay

Factors affecting learners behaviour in Gauteng limited schools - Essay prototypeThe ch wholeenges of intelligent disabilities, especially in their early stages, have become a priority because of the initial intangibility of the problems. Indeed, the multifaceted and multilateral aspects of smart disabilities are not only complex by nature, but they also need socio-psychological interventions to understand and interpret. In addition, the behavioral problems of pupils with intellectual disabilities is an important issue that needs to be looked at from the wider perspective of social development. While the special schools are doing commendable work for these learners, the increasingly worsening behaviour of pupils with developmental disabilities has become a major concern. Special teaching methods to promote learning are needed, as are behaviour plans both to monitor and to assess behaviour, and to develop coping strategies for both teacher and scholarly person so that learning ca n occur. Thus, the research would focus on identifying factors that affect learners behaviour in the special schools, especially in Gauteng, South Africa. 2.Keywords severe intellectual disability, special school, inclusive schooling, support system, learning disability, social model of discussion. 3.Background Intellectual disability can be draw as a learning barrier that is characterized by limitations in various skill areas. These may include limitations in self-care, daily living, social interaction, judgment and self-direction (IHC IncPhilosophy and Policy 1996p5). Some forms of intellectual disability, i.e. severe autism, become evident in early childhood. Other forms take longer, and may manifest at school age (Notbohm, 2005, preface). In contemporary times, the judgment of disability has moved beyond the constraints of the medical terminology and has embraces a socially relevant stance, keeping the needs of the learners as the main objective in all their policies and pla ns. Terzi (2004) believes that the social model is a powerful and important reminder for people at large to face issues of inclusion vis-a-vis persons with disabilities. Inclusion of the disadvantaged population, he believes, is a fundamental as well as a moral issue. World Health Organization (2005) reports that people with disabilities are important contributors to society, and that allocating resources to their rehabilitation would be an investment. Hence, measures that support their integration into mainstream society become highly pertinent issues at heart the development agenda of nations. The inclusion of disabled students can be broadly described as efforts to increase the participation of children with disability in the school by expanding course curricula to incorporate their needs (Booth & Ainscow, 1998). Thus, inclusion ensures that students with special needs are provided with opportunities to befool education and become capable of contributing to the society as a who le. In inclusion, students with special needs are integrated into the mainstream school without much changes within the school environment (Minto, 2007 Mittler, 2000). The special schools in South Africa have shown great determination to promote education amongst children and adults with disabilities. There have been significant reforms in the education system with the National Education Policy Act of 1996 and the South

Critically appraise the Joint Law Commission proposals for the reform Essay

Critic completelyy appraise the Joint Law foreign mission proposals for the reform of the law relating to Business Insureds, considering furt - Essay ExampleBusiness Insureds can be split into their components so the Commissions proposals can be critically analysed. Duty of Disclosure The law of disclosure is famously referred to in the section 18 of MIA. It states that the ascertain must provide every material circumstance that it knows or ought to know in the ordinary course of its business (Joint Law Commission Report, 2012, p. 7) both the insurance broker and the insured owe a duty of maximum good faith to each other (Brook, 2012, p. 21). In Goshawk Dedicated Ltd v Tyser & Co Ltd it was held that utmost good faith was not free standing but formed the basis for implicating a term (Gurses, 2013, p. 77). The need for change (proposal) arose from the 2007s section that a business insured only needs to provide volunteering facts that an insurer would want to know (Palmer, Mackie, Davies & Marris, 2012). To rectify this, the Commissions proposal retains duty of the insured for providing all material facts that any reasonable insurer would want to know. ... For instance, in practice, strict adherence to MIA can sometimes produce results that are unjust or out or keeping(p) for the insurer (Joint Law Commission Report, 2012, p. 38). Although the Consumer Insurance (Disclosure & falsehood) Act 2012 has addressed these issues in its proposal but concrete reforms in this figure are yet to come. Proposals for Non-disclosure and Misrepresentation The original Act of 1906 suggests that an insurer can only avoid the contract in only those areas where the insured is guilty of non-disclosure or misrepresentation (Joint Law Commission Report, 2012, p. 24). This does not do justice to the insurer as the losses by misrepresentation or failure to disclose material information can lay from minimal to catastrophic (Joint Law Commission Report, 2012, p. 179). For this reas on, the Commissions proposal suggests defining this dis frank conduct (Joint Law Commission Report, 2012, p. 213). Two options in this regard are either going for deliberate or reckless, or the common law test of fraudulent conduct (Joint Law Commission Report, 2012, p. 213). So this is what the new-sprung(prenominal) picture looks like. If the misconduct on insureds part is innocent or negligible then the remedy for the insurer is only proportionate to the come up of damages. This leniency is because not all damages arise out of deliberate fraud or misrepresentation. In Economides a 21-year-old man placed the contents of his horizontal below their market value when his parents moved in with him, the Court of Appeal considered his statement an opinion rather than a fact. As it was made in honest good faith it did not have to be reasonable (Summer, 2013, p.

MPH503, Infertility and Public Health, Mod 3 Case Assignment Essay

MPH503, Infertility and Public Health, Mod 3 Case Assignment - Essay ExampleThis paper will endeavour to answer those questions in relation to the results of the Bragdon v Abbot case.According to Bragdon v Abbot there is a right to reproduce, similar to the right to breathe. The case is construction that counter is a major life function just like any other bodily function and a disability related to reproduction is as important as a disability related to asthma (Walker , 2010). Further, the Code of Federal Regulations according to Walker (2001) states that any physiological disorder, or condition, augmentative disfigurement, or anatomical loss affecting one or more of the following body systems Neurological, musculoskeletal, special sense organs, respiratory (including speech organs), cardiovascular, productive, digestive, genital-urinary, hemi and lymphatic, skin, and endocrine. As is noted, reproductive is listed.There is a lot of disagreement at the moment as to whether or no t infertility is a disability, in fact, it appears that all of the states supreme courts cannot face to agree. However, in this particular case, it was determined to be a disability and unless another case comes along and determines the results of this one to be incorrect, it will be considered by redress companies and employers to be so.Certainly insurance companies must respond by assuring that insurance cover infertility treatment. This writer does not believe this will goal long. There will be another supreme court case to come along. It is not that this writer disagrees but certainly at the cost of such(prenominal) treatments insurance companies will either need to raise cost or find a way not to cover the treatment. It is thought that certainly nearly states will go for the attempt to get insurance companies to pay for infertility treatment, with the exception, possibly of self-insured cases.In some ways, mandating insurance to pay for infertility treatment

Cultural Anthropology Social Organization Essay Example for Free

Cultural Anthropology Social Organization EssayIn the United States the practice of serial monogamy, where one goes through a series of marriages indeed divorce and unwed p argonnthood seem to arrest replaced the cultural traditional marriage. (Nowak Laird, 2010) Single parent families and the accompanying socioeconomic circumstances usually warrant affable intervention from state agencies and that places a strain on public funds. The fact is, every single parent household is unbalanced. In the household where both parents are present the children usually benefit because each parent brings not only a gender based perspective to the relationship and child rearing cultural traditional practices tho he/she also brings a level of stability that is not easily quantified. Stable marriages are usually founded upon the couples unearthly beliefs, kinship traditions of unchanging relationships, friendship, trust, similar backgrounds, traditional values as well as kindred cultural p ractices that include gender role expectations. Persons in stable marriages tend to understand each others moods and idiosyncrasies so they are able to co-exist and live as friends. In the film, people adhere to the traditions of their kindred, they hold them divine and they marry their own kind. It might seem bizarre to the outsider but it is normal behavior for their kinship.Arranged marriages are basically bilateral agreements between devil families. The grooms family gives the brides family a bride wealthiness of livestock, jewelry land and other valuables depending on the traditional culture of the tribe. The bride wealth forms a part of the wealth of the brides kinship. The groom basically has to pay the brides family for the loss of her labor. (Nowak Laird, 2010). The women accept and submit themselves to the cultural traditions of their kinship. They have no choice in the arrangements. In the film, the women are hard workers. They take care of the men, children, fields, livestock wash the clothes, cook but the most bizarre was the Indian polyandrous family the woman was married to three brothers. The children in this family do not know their biological father and it is normal behavior so nobody really cares about a DNA match. It is also kindle to note that the wife in the feature film is illiterate and she knows no other way of life.The family is stable and the brothers look out for each other. This arrangement is economical as all the wealth is kept in the grooms kinship. As strange as it may sound, this marriage seem to be much successful than the marriages of choice in that the wives know there roles and stick to their list of duties. On the other hand, in marriages of choice, after a few years have passed, the wives tend to place pressure on the husbands to change into their likeness and to be what they, and their families want them to be. Arranged marriages are basically bilateral agreements between two families. The clique/crime family is a rather incredible one. I prefer to consider it as a social group with its own set of operational tenets but not a family.RferenceNowak, B., Laird, P. (2010). Cultural Anthropolgy, San Diego, CA Bridgepoint Education Inc.

Accounting for Business Combination and Ethics Assessment Essay Example for Free

Accounting for Business Combination and Ethics Assessment Essay advance(prenominal) 2011, Yung Limited acquired 75% interest in link up Limited. This is the first time of Yung Limited preparing the unite pedagogy. A few issues regarding to the first consolidated monetary statement have been raised up. This wrap up is used to solve the raised issues and explain general principle of consolidation accounting.Before the acquisition, Yung and Chum was a competitor to individually other. Their financial statement only reflects their own financial position. Thus, the sense of balance and transaction would state in the financial statement. The reason is that they be viewed as two entities from diverse aspect.However, after the acquisition, Yung and Chum became a single combined entity as Yung held 75% interest in Chum. It means Yung can direct business decision of Chum according to its preference. This view would be reflected in the consolidated financial statements. Since th e consolidated financial statements view Yung and Chum as a single combined entity, the balance due to each other would be eliminated as a result. As Yung and Chum are the single entity, the amount due to Yung is set off by the amount due from Chum. One entity cannot lead money to itself in order to create a liability or asset.See moreCapital budgeting stressAs Yung and Chum are a single entity, transactions with each other are just a transfer of assets or liabilities, or a relocation of assets, this would not recognise as a transaction in the consolidated financial statements. Generally, profit margin is added to those transactions. These profit margins would raise book measure of assets in the transactions. The common example is inventory and non-current assets. Those profit margins can only be realised in the sales or disposal to external parties. Thus, the consolidated financial statements would eliminate those unrealised profit also.According to the above statement, Yung gets the power of control in the Chum. It means every transaction can be related to Yung and its decision. The relationship between Yung and Chum would be a parent-subsidiary, and not just similar to other associate as investor-investee. Therefore, it is required to show consolidated financial statement of Yung and Chum. The distinction between consolidation and equity basis of accounting is power of control. Generally, if an entity holds more than 50% interest of another entity, the entity is required to consolidate the controlled entity.However, if an entity holds virtually 20% to 50% interest of another entity, the entity is required to practising the equity basis of accounting. Comparing with the two methods, consolidation basis of accounting would reflect a little net income if there are a large amount of inter-company transactions. Equity basis of accounting only show the share of profit in associate as an extra item in the income statement of investor (parent in consolidation). Thus, it would be a greater net income unless there is a net loss in the associate. In conclusion, different methods change the net income.The financial statements for equity basis of accounting are only included the investment in associates as non-current assets, and save as cost plus fair value adjustments in the net shares of equity. The consolidated financial statements are the combination of the parent and subsidiaries, and goodwill, excluding inter-company balance and cost of control. Thus, Yungs financial statements would be greater value in statement of financial position if all investments were consolidated, just now smaller value in income statement as there are large amount inter-company transactions between Yung and Chum. Equity basis of accounting could provide a greater asset value to Yung, but a smaller net income to Yung also.Dear Mr. Li,Memo regarding the revenue cut-off problem of Yung LimitedAccording to the recent conference with John Au, President of Yung Lim ited, he account that the sales of Yung Limited in 2010 incorrectly included sales in 2011. However, we did not discover this material fallacy by our audit work. This material error overstated the profit of Yung in 2010 by 10%, but understated the profit of Yung in 2011 by the same rate. John Au also mentioned that he prefers to ignore this error because he can get benefit from this error as the understated profit.Ignoring revenue cut-off problem leads to conflicts in respectable and professional. This conflicts with fundamental ethical principles, such as integrity, objectivity and professional behavior. In the integrity aspect, we should not disclose any untrue financial statements. In the objectivity aspect, our professional judgments should not be influenced by reputation of our audit firm and any potential legal sue. In the professional behavior, we should comply with relevant laws and regulations relating to this revenue cut-off problem.The following are some of my propose ation on this revenue cut-off problem. The first recommendation would be reporting to the board of directors directly. This material error should be report the board of directors of Yung Limited. This report could give directors chance to decide the treatment of this material error. They could estimate effect of this material error. The second recommendation would be following John Aus suggestion, ignoring this material error.This could be a way to accommodate our client. The third recommendation would be requiring John Au to correct this material error. This could reflect the true financial position of Yung Limited. The fourth recommendation would be convening an extra-ordinary general meeting with all shareholders of Yung Limited. This EGM could give shareholders opportunity to aware this material error, and understand the potential.Finally, I would recommend asking John Au to correct this material error. Although this correction would make him loss of a bonus, this is a fair trea tment to all stakeholders at all. Also, this answer could reflect the professional position of our company.

Role of Media and Its Effects on Youth Essay Example for Free

Role of Media and Its Effects on Youth EssayOur life will remain incomplete without the media. The radio, television, discussionpaper and internet be some forms through and through which we beat back information. Just like other fields, a vast development is seen in media fields also. The common raft believe the news show given by the media. So, the media should be very cargonful before giving any news to the public. They have to cover important happenings, in whole the fields, somewhat the world. There is no use in creating emotional feelings among public by exaggerating the happenings and giving sensational news. The media persons should be cautious in giving unbiased news to the common persons. AS EVERY COIN HAS TWO SIDE THATS WHY MEDIA HAS BOTH ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE.THE FAIR PART IS IT MAKES THE BIG UNKNOWN WORLD in addition SMALL AND THE BAD SIDE OF IT IS THAT TEENS ARE GETTING CRIMNAL DAY BY DAY BY SEEING THE NEWS OF CRIMES WHICH WE HEAR DAY TO DAYDISADVANTAGE S OF MEDIAThe media has a bad effect on everyone, not just teens, the media never represnets anything in truth, it represents events in way that will earn them money, whether or not you are influenced negatively is not important to them. Children could think that they are super heroes and jump from high rise building thus creating a threat for their life. They may become much aggressive and rude in nature. There health may be spoiled due to watching excessive television. They may concentrate less in there studies. Its excessive use may decrease there memory retention power. The media covers news of public interest such as political happenings, sports, urban center news, national news, international news, business, education, entertainment, literature and medical news. The news should satisfy all men, women and children of various age-group and status. To increase circulation of newspapers, the media people should not publish bogus news. The fashion shows, bound and music progra ms attract youngsters very much. They like to spend money for make up, clothing and jewels on the influence of models and actors. The youngsters wish to take part in these programs, which are unsuitable for many persons. The middle aged persons are stuck up with TV serials and show much interest in raising social status, by wasting away money.ADVANTAGES OF MEDIA The common man hold fasts the latest news within a fraction of seconds. The distance is not at all a barrier now. The news they get through media help them in their daily life a lot. The media helps common people to exchange information and it acts as a common platform. The public get knowledge and awake to raise questions, on seeing the news in newspaper and TV. The media helps to bring out the hidden talents of the people. The children learn many good things through media. By reading newspaper, the children learn many things, their reading habit increases and their vocabulary enhances by learning new words. Their know ledge increases by watching geographical channel, try programs and speeches by famous personalities of different fields. The cartoon channels make the children happy. The games increase their logical thinking power and grasping of things. The attitude, approach and behavior of the common people will also change, when exposed to media. The media conducts polls and let public to take part in social issues. Through blogging in the internet and writing letter to the editor in newspapers, many people give voice about their opinion in different political and social matters.CONCLUSIONThe media has brought the people all over the world very closer. We have to take the positive aspects and use it for good purpose. The media and public should help to drive away the negative effects of the media.

The Effects Of Globalisation On Burger King

The Effects Of Globalisation On Burger magnate1.0 Introduction1.1 Reason for choosing project head and organisationThis Research and psycho analytic thinking Project is based on topic 5 The effects of globalisation on Burger King Holdings Inc (referred as Burger King, the society or BK from now onwards).Among the reasons for choosing the topic includeGlobalisation is neither a very elegant word nor a very clear concept, but the term has been accepted very quick on a global scale (Wesseling, 2009). Globalisation reflects business orientation based on the belief that the macrocosm is becoming more homogeneous and that the distinctions between national markets are not only fading but for some products, leave alone eventually disappear (Czinkota et al., 2004). Its straightaway growing impact on the world certainly attracts my attention.The ACCA course I am currently pursuing has provided me with some theoretical knowledge of this topic to analyze a real life company. This ap touc hment get out certainly allow me to put my theoretical knowledge into practical experience. By conducting seek on an organisation, where BK will be my subject of research it will certainly widen my horizon of knowledge on this topic. Taking into account the information gathering analytical skills like computation, extrapolation and communication for the research which will help in my future career as an accountant, I will certainly benefit from my research on this topic.In any research project, succor of obtaining information is of main concern furthermore with most time and budget constraints. BK was chosen because its yearly financial report, press release and other relevant information on the company are easily accessible online at its website www.bk.com. Further updates and company activities are likewise available by just a click away from academic databases and the internet.Another reason for choosing the company because BK is among the most well known fast food restaurant s. BK is the second largest fast food hamburger chain in the world. Every day, over 11 million guests visit a BK somewhere in the world (Burger King Holdings Inc., 2010).The tremendous market reach along with various gainments as listed in Appendix 1 as well as the fact that I am a fan of its offerings all compelled me to choose this company.Note Only financial statement till June 2009 is used in this research as that was the latest annual financial statement published at the point of doing my research.1.2 Project Objective and Research QuestionThis research project involves the evaluation of the effects of globalisation on an organisation. After much research on this topic, I realised that different people around the people have different views and perception concerning globalisation.From quantitative point of view, globalisation is defined as the intensification of economic, political, social and cultural relations across borders whereas from qualitative point of view, globalisat ion is defined as a process comprising a number of qualitative transformation, which are represented by technological transformation, the financial transformation, the geographical reallocation of production, the process of commodification, the polarisation of wealth, the subordination of politics to economics and the colligate decline of the nation state (Talani, 2004).Globalisation process, driven by rapid and largely unrestricted flows of information, ideas, cultural values, capital, goods and services and people lead to a prowl towards a more integrated world economy. These processes, promoted by converging market preferences, falling trade barriers, and the integration of national economies is emerging as the norm in a growing range of economic activities, changing economic theory and practices (Jutaliaviciene et al., 2006).Globalisation has resulted in both opportunities and threats in terms of all parties involved such(prenominal) as providers, customers and competitors (Bu rgers et al., 1993 Courtney et al., 2001 Oxelheim et al., 1991). Thus even though there are many ways to examine the effects of globalisation but I believe Michael Porters volt Forces Model ( Barriers to Entry, Supplier Power, Customer Power, competition, and Threat of Substitutes) can give a clearer picture of the industry the company operates in and steps taken by the company to stand out among all the other competitors worldwide.Therefore, the research question can be structured as What is the impact of globalisation on BK in terms of barriers to entry, supplier power, customer power, rivalry, and threat to substitutes using Porters five-spot Forces Model?1.3 Overall research approachPorters five forces is a framework for the industry analysis and business strategy development developed by Michael E. Porter of Harvard Business School in 1979 (Porter, 1979). It uses a basic five forces framework that determine the agonistic intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market. A ttractiveness of a market is based on overall industry profitability whereas an unattractive industry is where overall profitability is driven down by the combination of forces. An industry approaching pure competition would be a very unattractive industry (Porter, 1979 1980).Porters Five Forces Model consists of 5 fundamental competitive forcesThreat of new entrants contribute to the capacity levels, affect prices and possibly reduce the profitability of live oning competitors (Williams et el., 1996).Threat of substitutes exist if there are alternative products with lower prices of better performance parameters for the same purpose (Reklies, 2001).Bargaining power of customer is determined by the size and submerging of customers. Other factors are the extent to which buyers are informed and the concentration or differentiation of the competitors ( Karagiannopoulos, 2005).Bargaining power of supplier attempts to capture pressures that suppliers to the industry can uphold on indu stry profitability. A powerful supplier can raise the companys cost through demanding high prices for its input or delivering lower quality inputs (Rothaermel, 2008).Rivalry among existing competitors describes how intense could the competition be between existing firm in an industry. Lower returns earned by highly competitive industries due to the higher cost of competition (RapidBI., 2008).Appendix 2 gives more details on the forces and circumstances affecting the strength of each forces.The diagram below should give a better view of how the 5 forces interacts with each other.Rivalry among existingcompetitorThreat of new entrantsBargaining power of customerBargaining power of supplierThreat of substitutesDiagram 1 The Five Competitive Forces that shapes strategy (Porter,1979)The effects of globalisation on BK as done with the five forces framework will help me to understand the competitive situation of the company and how competitive advantages might be achieved using the concept s and analytical techniques.As a final note, this model also promotes clear strategic thinking since Porter (1979) argues that business with no clear strategy will have no basis on which to integrate its activities and achieve consistency between its various function and units (The Antidote, 1998). In the end, could lead to reduced profitability and even failure.

Product Life Cycle Theory By Vernon Economics Essay

Product Life Cycle Theory By Vernon Economics EssayVernons international harvesting life history cycle surmisal (1996) is based on the experience of the U.S. market. At that time, Vernon observed and found that a large proportion of the worlds tonic products came from the U.S. for most of the 20th century. It was cogitate that U.S. was the first to introduce technological driver products.Vernon theory was used to beg off original types of foreign direct investment made by the U.S. companies after the help World War in the manufacturing industry.The U.S. has become a major importer of many of the goods that had once developed, produced and exported. Vernons international product life cycle is used to attempt to explain why this happened.According to Vernon, in the first stage the U.S. transnational companies create new innovative products for local consumption and export the surplus in fix to serve besides the foreign markets.According to the theory of production cycle, afte r the Second World War in Europe has increased demand for construct products like those proposed in USA. Thus, America firms began to export, having the advantage of technology on international competitors.In the first stage of production cycle, manufacturers have an advantage by possessing new technologies. However at these early stages of production, the products were not standardized as the nature of the goods has implications such as price elasticity, the communication throughout the industry and also the localization of the product itself.As the product starts to mature, the conditions also start to change. A certain degree of standardization takes place and the demand of the products appe bed elsewhere. As demand has increased, overseas markets were imitating those products at a cheaper labour and overall cost. The U.S. firms were forced to perform production facilities on the local markets to maintain their market shares in those areas. Consequently the U.S. exports were li mited.As the markets in the U.S. and these early(a) developed countries mature, the product became standardized. The developments of the life cycle were once again changed. There were more demand and cheaper labour costs from overseas countries, the pricing became the main combative tool and cost became more of an issue than previously. The producers internationally based in advanced countries then had the opportunity to export back to U.S. This has led to the undeveloped countries fling competitive advantage for the location of production and finally they became exporters.This evidence suggests that the more a product is standardized the location of production is more likely to change. At the same time on that point is also evidence that unstandardized products will maintain their location in more phosphorus location.This also explains between 1950 to 1970 there were certain types of investments in Europe Western made by U.S. companies. There were areas where Americans have not possessed the technological advantage and foreign direct investments were made during that period.To resume, Raymond Vernon believes that there are four stages of production cycle submissionGrowthMaturityDeclineAnd the location of production depends on the stage of the cycle. stand for 1 IntroductionNew products are introduced to meet local needs, and new products are first exported to similar countries i.e. countries with similar needs, preferences and incomes.Stage 2 GrowthA copy product is produced elsewhere and introduced in the home country to capture growth in the home market. This moves production to other countries, usually on the basis of cost of production.Stage 3 MaturityThe industry contracts and concentrates and the lowest cost producer will win.Stage4 DeclinePoor countries constitute the only markets for the product. Therefore almost all declining products are produced in LDCs.Vernons product life cycle model can explain both trade and FDI. By adding a time dimension t o the theory of monopolistic advantage, the product life cycle model can explain a firms shift from exporting to FDI. Initially a firm when innovate a product, it produces at home enjoying its monopolistic advantage in the export market, thus specializes and exports. Once the product becomes standardized in its growth product phase, the firm may lean to invest abroad and export from there to retain its monopoly power. The rivals from the home country may also follow to invest in the same foreign countrys oligopolistic market.Vernons theory implies that overtime the main exporter may change from exporter to importer. This leads to the low cost producers becoming exporters.One weakness of this theory can be that Vernons view is ethnocentric. It can also be said that many new products are now produced in advanced economies such as Japan.Globalization means that there is more discharge and simultaneous production of comparative advantage.The final weakness of this theory is that this study was carried out in the 60s. The worlds trading importing and exporting has changed immensely over the years.