Easy rogerian essay topics
Thursday, August 27, 2020
Analysis Of The Poem The Soldier By Rupert Brooke :: Poetry essays papers
Investigation of the Poem The Soldier by Rupert Brooke à à à à à I am examining the sonnet The Soldier by Rupert Brooke. This sonnet is about a man who adores his nation beyond a reasonable doubt. The nation is England. He accepts that in the event that he should bite the dust in a distant combat zone that individuals ought to recollect of him just that he was English. Brookes says in his forward line, In that rich earth a more extravagant residue covered. This implies in the event that he is to pass on in a land other than England that the dirt would be improved in light of the fact that there would now be a bit of England inside it. à à à à à The plot of this sonnet strengthens it's significance since it manages passing and love. These are two incredible things that inspire feeling in individuals. It assists with making a picture in the sonnet of a man who is extremely fearless and would do anything for his nation. à à à à à The character in the sonnet fortifies the significance since he really puts stock in his nation. He portrays England in his ninth line by saying, Furthermore, think, this heart, all shrewd shed away. These are the expressions of a man who really accepts that his territory is the best of good. à à à à à Images in The Soldier are very solid and convincing. One picture is the line Gave, once, her blossoms to adore, her approaches to wander. This line brings out pictures of a delightful lady valuing and stroking the man who stands next to her. A different line is Washed by the waterways, fortunate by suns of home. This line makes a sentiment of serenity and a solidarity with nature. à à à à à Another line that inspires a sentiment of harmony and satisfaction is, Her sights and sounds; dreams cheerful as her day. Without such solid pictures, the sonnet would likely not have such an extraordinary impact on the peruser. Lines, for example, this one power the peruser to see the land in a similar light as the writer. à à à à à Symbolism additionally assumes a key job in this sonnet. A portion of the more self-evident employments of imagery are clear in the line And giggling, scholarly of companions; also, delicacy. Obviously we understand that the land doesn't chuckle and isn't delicate. This is imagery used to disclose to us how superb a spot England is to live. More imagery is in the primary verse where the sonnet says In the event that I ought to
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Action Potentials in Squid Axons
Activity Potentials in Squid Axons In 1952, Hodgkin and Huxley distributed a progression of four papers in the Journal of Physiology (London) detailing their tests to explore the basic occasions of the activity potential. In their last paper, they inferred a progression of conditions that portray the connection between sodium conductance (gNa+), potassium conductance (gK+) and the layer potential in a squid axon following electrical incitement. Hodgkin and Huxley were granted the Nobel Prize for this work. In this down to earth, you will utilize a PC program dependent on the Hodgkin and Huxley conditions to show what is befalling the film potential, gNa+ and gK+ during and after electrical incitement. A case of the yield from the program is delineated in figure 1. It very well may be seen that the electrical incitement depolarises the film. When a depolarisation of 30mV has happened, the conductance to sodium particles increments quickly and the layer potential ascents to +20mV. The ascent in gK+ is more slow in begin ning and goes on for longer than the expansion in gNa+. The fall in gNa+ and the related ascent in gK+ restores the layer potential towards the resting esteem. Techniques and Results à Q1 and 2. Examine the impacts of fluctuating boost abundancy and length by running all the recreations appeared in the lattice beneath in Table 1: Enter a ââ¬ËXââ¬â¢ in the Table 1 grid for tests that produce an activity potential, and record the pinnacle tallness, sufficiency, idleness and edge of any activity possibilities in Table 2 overleaf. For tests that neglect to inspire an activity potential, enter a ââ¬ËOââ¬â¢ in the network beneath, and record an estimation of à ¯Ã¢â¬Å¡Ã¢ ¥ (boundlessness) for the inactivity and ââ¬Ë-ââ¬Ë for different parameters in the table overleaf. à Q3. Plot two diagrams to show the connection between: (I) Stimulus quality and inactivity and (ii) Stimulus span and dormancy. How these diagrams ought to be plotted isn't quickly self-evident, and d ata on the best way to finish this undertaking won't be unequivocally given! The ideal answer for the issue is for you to discover, however the accompanying focuses are accommodated direction: It isn't genuine to plot boundlessness on charts It isn't proper to extrapolate past information focuses It isn't authentic to plot normal latencies. The charts must be plotted with the goal that each estimation of idleness (aside from à ¯Ã¢â¬Å¡Ã¢ ¥) is spoken to. Utilize the clear sheet on the proforma, there is no compelling reason to utilize chart paper. Diagram 1 : Stimulus quality and inactivity Remember you have to recognize diverse stim lengths in this chart Stimulus Duration (ms) Graph 2: Stimulus Duration and Latency Make sure you recognize various qualities too Stimulus Strength (à ¯Ã à A/cm2) These can be plotted precisely utilizing exceed expectations for your submitted report. Investigations with double boosts Q4. Run a reenactment with the accompanying parameters to exhibi t irrefutably the headstrong period: à Briefly depict the reactions acquired in recreations An and B in the space underneath: For reproduction An and B in upgrade 1 they had top statures of +17mv in this manner creating an activity potential. In upgrade 2, there is next to no depolarisation in recreation An as pinnacle stature is - 92mv. This is lower than the resting potential, subsequently indicating that the neuron didn't completely recuperate from stimulus1.
Friday, August 21, 2020
Kraninger Questioned Over Proposed Changes to Payday Loan Rule - OppLoans
Kraninger Questioned Over Proposed Changes to Payday Loan Rule - OppLoans Kraninger Questioned Over Proposed Changes to Payday Loan Rule Kraninger Questioned Over Proposed Changes to Payday Loan RuleInside Subprime: March 19, 2019By Lindsay FrankelDuring her initial appearance before the Senate Banking Committee, Kathy Kraninger, director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, faced interrogation by lawmakers over the bureauâs recent failures to protect consumers. Lawmakers scrutinized the agencyâs decisions to rescind portions of the Obama-era payday lending rule and cease routine examinations for violations of the Military Lending Act. Kraninger was also questioned about the agencyâs lack of enforcement against student loan lenders since she took control of the CFPB three months ago.Democrats criticized Kraninger for going soft on bad actors, highlighting a drastic difference in the number of lawsuits brought by the agency under the Trump administration when compared to the record of previous enforcement actions under the Obama administration.Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass, pointed out that under Kraninge râs direction, the CFPB hasnât filed even one lawsuit against a student lender, when compared to 50 cases brought by the agency under former Director Richard Cordray. Under Cordray, the bureau returned $712 million to consumers harmed by bad financial practices.Warren also noted a reduction in discrimination lawsuits under Kraninger and former acting director Mick Mulvaney, and expressed concerns over the bureauâs lack of attention to debt collection and credit reporting problems.You are supposed to be the cop on the beat, but you are only watching out for the crooks who are cheating American consumers, Warren said. If you had any decency youd either do your job or resign.And, after Mulvaney ceased examinations for violations of the MLA, Kraninger asked Congress for âclear authorityâ to supervise financial firms for compliance with the act rather than resume the examinations, even though the CFPB had conducted the exams regularly for years under the Obama administration.Se veral senators grilled Kraninger over her lack of action to protect service members, including Jack Reed, D-R.I., a military veteran. âYouâve chosen to read the statute to protect payday lenders,â Reed said. âWhat is so frustrating to me is if this is the policy of the administration, you decide you shouldnât supervise these companies. Supervision prevents the need for enforcement.âKraninger also received sharp criticism for the CFPBâs proposed changes to the payday lending rule, which has yet to go into effect. Chris Van Hollen, D-Md., asked Kraninger if she was aware just how much the decision to scrap the underwriting requirements of the rule would benefit the payday lending industry. âAre you familiar with the fact that you found the payday loan industry would save $7.3 billion to $7.7 billion?â he asked.âI understand what youâre getting at,â Kraninger responded. âThere are a number of facts here; weâre in active litigation on this issue.âKraninger was vague in her responses to Republicansâ questions regarding the direction of the bureau as well. When Sen. Tim Scott, R-S.C., asked whether the agency would provide regulatory relief for credit unions, Kraninger said: âIt is certainly an objective of the bureau to understand and reduce regulatory burden. But itâs also important how this impacts consumers.âFor more information on payday loans, scams, and cash advances and check out our city and state financial guides including, Illinois, Florida, Texas and more.Visit OppLoans on YouTube | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedIn
Monday, May 25, 2020
Child Poverty in New Zealand - 1119 Words
Child poverty is a major and complex issue that New Zealand faces today. The degree is far more severe than the publics perception and it is a problem that we cannot afford to ignore. A combination of factors contributes to child poverty, from individual causes at the micro level to the macro collective government involvement. This occurs partly due to social construction and it is potentially avoidable. The consequences can impact on both individual and to a great extent affect significantly on the country as a whole. If the issue is not resolved, the inequality will continue, if not worsen and becomes an ongoing intergeneration cycle. The poor get poorer and poorer, children can easily fall into the poverty trap where it becomesâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Socio-economic factors are widely acknowledged as important determinants of poverty. If an individual experiences adverse living conditions in childhood, majority of them will have inadequate income and result in low socio-econ omic status as adults (Carroll et al, 2011). Children born in poor households have difficulty in accessing the basic needs (e.g. food, clothing, and good living environment) and this can affect their learning ability at school, unable to focus. In other words, they have a higher chance of dropping out of school or lower education attainment, unable to provide appropriate qualifications when they move onto adulthood, seeking for job opportunities. These children are finding day-to-day life tough, they are living in cold, damp houses, do not have warm or rain-proof clothing, their shoes are worn, and many days they go hungry (Childrens Commissioner, 2012). Often this has taken place over a long period of time, impacting on their development, behaviour and physical health furthermore limiting their potential as they grow into adults. Unemployment or underemployment can cause significant household stressors; parent may feel incompetent to meet the basic needs for their children, unable to make ends with financial problems. Consequently, individual seek alcohol and drug as a way to escape their problems. This could lead to child abuse; children who suffer from this can develop emotional,Show MoreRelatedChild Poverty Is A Reality New Zealand Essay1463 Words à |à 6 PagesChild Poverty is a reality New Zealand. An ongoing health issue in New Zealand is poverty in children. Children are now living without the basic necessities each day in summer and winter to protect against New Zealand weather conditions. General needs that most New Zealanders take advantage of such as shoes that cover and protect their feet, raincoats that keep them dry walking to school and sunblock to protect from cancer in the future, are lacking for children in poverty. Poverty in children isRead MoreStructural Inequality Of The New Zealand1349 Words à |à 6 PagesIntroduction: The presence of child poverty in New Zealand has been a long standing issue since before the 1990ââ¬â¢s and continues to be prevalent in todayââ¬â¢s New Zealand. Although child poverty can be linked to multiple causes, there is one major cause that is not widely discussed enough within the political world of New Zealand. This is the issue of structural inequality creating an unjust welfare system which perpetuates stereotypes and damages the support that beneficiaries are provided by our governmentRead MoreThe Consequences Of Child Poverty1188 Words à |à 5 PagesChild poverty is not only referring to the phenomenon of children living in poverty, but also experiencing deprivation of the material, spiritual and emotional resources needed to survive, develop and thrive, leaving them unable to enjoy their rights, achieve their full potential or participate as full and equal members of society (United Nations, 2007). It seems to be the situation happening in the developing countr ies. However, children from developed countries as New Zealand are also sufferingRead MoreChild Poverty : An Advancing Social Issue Essay1568 Words à |à 7 PagesThroughout this paper, discussions will take place on, child poverty, an advancing social issue in New Zealand. Also, reasons why child poverty is a social issue in New Zealand will be debated. In addition, key concepts of three core sociological perspectives; structural functionalism, symbolic interactionism and conflict perspective will be explored. Followed by, explanations of child poverty in New Zealand, from each of the three perspectives will be given in order to explore the different viewpointsRead MoreChild Poverty And Its Effects On Children1214 Words à |à 5 PagesIntroduction Child poverty has become one of the most significant ongoing issues in New Zealand. According to the Child Poverty Monitor Technical Report in 2013, one out of four New Zealand children are growing up in poverty and one out of six are growing up without meeting the basic needs such as adequate and nutritious food, health care, adequate clothing and housing. Ten percent of the New Zealand children are at the hardest end of poverty and sixty percent of children living in poverty will likelyRead MoreThe Poverty Of New Zealand1144 Words à |à 5 PagesYou would like to believe that New Zealand, a well-developed country, is a great place for children to live. For most of us that is true however there is still a concerning amount of children who live in poverty. Since the late 1980ââ¬â¢s and early 1990ââ¬â¢s there has been an increase in child poverty of around 15 percent (Boston, 2014). Currently the New Zealand government spends up to ten billion dollars a year on attempting to so lve child poverty and yet still as many as 25 percent of children, whichRead MoreChildren s Development And Effective Parenting Essay1400 Words à |à 6 Pagesdiversity including, poverty, family form, and children with disabilities. Throughout these discussion papers our roles as educators when working with children and their families within each of these areas of diversity are addressed. These papers unpack inclusive practices for working with young children and their families with differing abilities from a range of socio-economic backgrounds. In Aotearoa New Zealand we live in a society where some children and families live in poverty, the most commonRead MoreDefining Poverty Of New Zealand Essay728 Words à |à 3 PagesDefining poverty in New Zealand New Zealand lacks an ââ¬Ëofficialââ¬â¢ definition of poverty and internationally, is not alone in its failure to do so. However, there is in certain OECD countries, definitions that could be adjusted and refined to define poverty within a New Zealand context, and we should in the first instance, adopt Irelandââ¬â¢s model for that purpose. Introduction Defining poverty is a consensual and contextual process difficult to achieve from the subjective view alone as everyone has theirRead MoreThe Social Issue Of A New Zealand1646 Words à |à 7 Pagesproposal is to analyse the social issue that is concerned in New Zealand and how the business will be set up in the market to address and improve the social problem. The social issue that will be addressing in this business proposal is Child Poverty. The reason why child poverty is now concerning is because of its negative impact on childrenââ¬â¢s living conditions. It has now become a significant social issues in New Zealand. Child poverty is referred to the children experiencing hardships in theirRead MoreSocial Inequalities Within New Zealand Essay1322 Words à |à 6 PagesThis essay will be discussing the social inequalities within New Zealand. These inequalities can include unequal income, education and healthcare. Through extensive research of academic resources, I will be discussing how educational, family, social and political factors contribute to the development of these inequalities. I will also be providing a line graph that shows the unequal income between classes and a second line graph that demonstrates the difference in student success between high decile
Thursday, May 14, 2020
Kurtz s Station, The Outpost - 2228 Words
Kurtz s station, the outpost in the story is also running out of supplies and for the same reason, because one of the company s steamers had been wrecked. While its narrator remained devoted to Kurtz, that particular Englishman does not believe meeting him was worth life of his African helmsman of whom Marlow says what he never said of Kurtz, that he shared a distant kinship with the man. Those words are most significant, coming as they did at a time when Africans were thought to be kin to monkeys. Still and all, in a passage that Achebe found most offensive, Conrad has Marlow speak again of a remote kinship, this time with the natives making horrid faces. When speaking of kinship, Marlow regards the black man as kin to the white in a positive way. However the kinship of white to black is seen negatively: Marlow considers the white man s kinship with the howling and spinning blacks to be ugly. Whatever he might make of Marlow s judgments, he must keep in mind that they result from what these various people, whether black or white, are seen to be doing, as helmsmen he had done something, he had steered or as Africans making horrid faces, and are not based on prejudices regarding who or what these persons. The secondary part of Heart of Darkness was in effect an afterthought whose subject would no longer specifically be an account of the atrocities committed in the Congo, but would reveal a general hopelessness darker than night. Once Marlow boarded his boat, theShow MoreRelatedThe Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad983 Words à |à 4 Pagessetting up outposts along the Congo River. The outposts allowed the Belgium to exploit the African natives while also to capitalizing on the Congo as a rich source of ivory. ââ¬Å"He talked about ââ¬Ëweaning those ignorant millions from their horrid ways;ââ¬â¢ till, upon my word, he made me quite uncomfortable. I ventured to hint that the Company was run for profitâ⬠(Conrad 25). In the Heart of Darkness, Kurtz is a one of Leopoldââ¬â¢s agents and is portrayed as an inconsiderate tyrant who embodies Europe s imperialisticRead More Elements of Darkness in Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness1263 Words à |à 6 Pagescertain elements of darkness attempt to show how deep one must look inside themselves to discover the truth. Conrad portrays the idea of the darkness of the human heart through things such as the interior of the jungle and its immensity, the Inner Station, and Kurtzs own twisted deeds. Coppolas heart of darkness is represented by the madness of the Vietnam War and how even to look for a purpose in it all; is itself quite mad. à à à à It was no accident that a documentary was made on Francis FordRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad Essay1483 Words à |à 6 Pagesthen Belgian-controlled Africa. This story about Great Britain in it s past also introduces the types of characters the reader will confront later in Marlowââ¬â¢s story once he is in Africa. The first example of this would be when Conrad first mentions the Roman who goes to England only so he can fix his wealth status. Later on in the novel, Marlow meets an overweight man while on a 200 mile hike to the Managerââ¬â¢s African outpost. This man has an identical reason of being in Africa compared to the reasoningRead MoreThe Central Station Essay2225 Words à |à 9 Pagesthe Central Station, Marlow can see ivory coming out, but he does not report seeing any goods going in. The district round the Inner Station will be closed to trade, but not, might be presumed, to further raids, since the situation there has come to reflect what occurred throughout Leopold s Congo and what after 1902 would happen in the Kasai valley region as well. Precious goods are being taken out of the region without any coming into redeem what had been taken out in that station. Conrad marked
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
The Debate Of Embryonic Stem Cell Research - 1969 Words
Embryonic stem cell research and use is a scientific advancement that could change medical history. There are two types of stem cell research, adult stem cells, and embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells receive a very negative connotation in society, and there are many misconceptions about the process and the ethics of embryonic stem cell research. A large majority of society immediately assume that it is the use of aborted embryos because of the word embryonic, and adult stem cells are not as effective as embryonic. However, this is not the case. Embryonic stem cell research is in progress to help cure and reduce the effects of very fatal and harmful diseases that take many of societies precious lives. If research continues toâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦In 2009, a relief for scientists came about because President Obama lifted the restrictions (Coghlan). This then enabled the progression of embryonic stem cell research to help cure and reduce the harmful effects of many dise ases in people. Whether embryonic stem cell research is ethical is a very controversial subject because many people assume it is aborted embryos that are destroyed to be experimented on. It then also bothers people that the embryos have to be destroyed to have tests run on them, but the process is very specific and carefully done so it eliminates any reason for it to become unethical. Californiaââ¬â¢s Stem Cell Agency provides an understandable explanation of the embryos used for research in the lab: All the human embryonic stem cell lines currently in use come from four to five-day-old embryos left over from in-vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures. In IVF, researchers mix a man s sperm and a woman s eggs together in a lab dish. Some of those eggs will become fertilized. At about five days the egg has divided to become a hollow ball of roughly 100 cells called a blastocyst which is smaller than the size of the dot over an ââ¬Å"iâ⬠. (Myths and Misconceptions About Stem Cell Research.) The process is deemed ethical because the embryo is only made up of 100 cells and it is not evenShow MoreRelatedThe Debate Of Embryonic Stem Cell Research1460 Words à |à 6 Pages I believe that embryonic stem cell research should be allowed in the United States. From previous encounters with the topic I have learned that the many benefits that can come from stem cell research are without a doubt astounding and unimaginable. There are simply endless possibilities that can arise if the research was allowed to be conducted. From giving back vision to rebuilding tissue, any advance in stem cell research would be beneficial to the medical world. With the help that the advancesRead MoreThe Debate Of Embryonic Stem Cell Research1711 Words à |à 7 PagesEmbryonic stem cell research is a hot topic of debate in our modern age, as scientific development continues to push the boundaries of ethics. The debates lies in whether or not it is helping or hindering society, as the procedure involv es the manipulation of a human embryo. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from a week old human embryo (blastocyst), often developed from unused in vitro fertilised eggs. They are pluripotent, meaning they are capable of undergoing directed differentiation andRead MoreThe Debate Of Embryonic Stem Cell Research931 Words à |à 4 Pages Embryonic stem cell research is the study of stem cells derived from the undifferentiated inner mass cells of a human embryo. For many years now, the ethics of embryonic stem cell research has been argued. A recent advance in this line of research is the ability to clone the embryonic stem cells, which allows for researchers to create a completely compatible embryonic stem cell to the individualââ¬â¢s tissue type. Though this new science may be very beneficial, not everyone can agree on the ethics ofRead MoreThe Debate Over Embryonic Stem Cell Research852 Words à |à 4 Pagesknowledge of stem cell research has already created the ability for doctors to print a functional organ jus t as easily as people can print a persuasive research essay. With great medical advancements comes great controversy. The main way researchers have been studying stem cells is by harvesting undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. Those who oppose embryonic stem cell research claim that stem cell harvesting damages and kills the un-born embryo; however, because of advancements in the stem cell harvestingRead MoreThe Ethical Debate of Embryonic Stem Cell Research2359 Words à |à 10 PagesStem cell research is often at the forefront of heated ethical debates due to its assessment of human life. If stem cell research cannot be ethically defended, then it should not be conducted. ââ¬Å"You cannot defend a study ethically unless the presumed cost is lower than expected benefits. The cost-benefit analysis of scientific research needs to include human/animal discomfort/risks, environmental issues, material costs, etcâ⬠which is necessary to support the positive outcome which the rese arch claimsRead MoreThe Debate Over Embryonic Stem Cell Research1652 Words à |à 7 PagesEmbryonic stem cell research could one day hold the key to many new scientific discoveries if it is continuously funded in the years to come. I chose to base my research around the question, Should embryonic stem cell research be government funded? When I finish highschool I hope to pursue a career in the medical field. Although I wish to become a doctor and may not be directly researching stem cells, they may one day be a treatment that I will have to administer to patients. To answer this questionRead MoreThe Debate Over Embryonic Stem Cell Research1543 Words à |à 7 PagesWhile embryonic stem cell research has been ongoing for more than 30 years, it has only become a controversial topic over the past decade. The embryonic stem cell was first isolated in 1981 by two scientists at the University of Cambridge. However, it wasnââ¬â¢t until 1998 at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, whe re the first batch of embryonic stem cells were created in a test tube. In 2001, President George W. Bush approved the use of federal funding for research on this topic, following this actionRead MoreThe Debate Of Embryonic Stem Cell Research1292 Words à |à 6 PagesEmbryonic stem cells research is the most debated type of stem cell research. The moral standings of embryonic stem cell research have been debated since the research started. The side against the research claims that it is wrong to value oneââ¬â¢s life above another and that the elimination of the most basic form of life is murder. While the side supporting the research claims that the research could bring about the cure for many types of diseases and help save the lives of millions. Embryonic stemRead MoreThe Debate Over Embryonic Stem Cell Research1907 Words à |à 8 PagesApril, 2017 Embryonic Stem Cell Research Imagine living in a world without cancer, Parkinson s, or even diabetes. While everyone may wish this is true, people are against a way that researchers can make this possible, which would be by the use of stem cells. There is major controversy on whether or not stem cell research should be allowed, especially when it comes to embryonic stem cell research. Although many consider it to be killing a potential life form, embryonic stem cell research may eventuallyRead MoreThe Debate Over Embryonic Stem Cell Research1710 Words à |à 7 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cell Research Embryonic stem cells, according to the National Institute of Health, are cells obtained from embryos that are prepared from fertilized eggs which have been collected through the in vitro technique; in specialized clinics. Scientists use the stem cell research to have a better idea about the evolution, aging, and disease. Thus, they keep track of the stem cells progress across the lifetime; this tracking process can help scientists to figure out the genetic mutations
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Health and Their Contribution to ADL Practices
Question: Case study of the determinants of health and their contribution to ADL practices. Answer: Introduction The determinants of health are responsible for evaluating a persons likelihood of maintaining a good health. These include the situations or the environment in which people were born, raised, living, working, and growing old. They are sometimes also known as 'the causes of the causes', as it is established that though health of populations is influenced by activities or exposure to risk, social and economic factors also play major roles (Anon n.d.). Activities of daily living (ADLs) are essentially the fundamental or basic self-care skills or abilities one needs to properly care for oneself (Lawrence et al. 2014). These tasks are one of the most important measurements used to assess an individual's care plan (Klimczuk 2016). It may be used as a guide to determine if people qualify for certain services or if they need an increased level of care. The dependency on others for ADLs may negatively impact the well-being of a person and influence the quality of life (QoL) (Giebel et al. 2015). Even the medication and substance use may be influenced and need to be previewed well before providing nursing care to such patients. To illustrate this, a questionnaire based case study was done to identify how the activities of daily living (ADLs) affect the determinants of health. This may be used as a guide in nursing practice to determine the health status of the patient. A 65 year old woman, suffering from chronic high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, diabetes, arthritis, urinary incontinence, and hearing problems was interviewed at an old- age home after taking informed consent and maintaining the privacy of the interviewee. Care was taken so as not to include any offending questions. The questions included in the questionnaire were linked to the basic ADLs performed by the patient/interviewee and tried to summarize the capabilities of the patient in terms of movement, cognition, personal care, social compatibility, and work limitations. As per the Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia (2008) the interviewee was given full freedom to take an independent deciding to participate and confidentiality of the information was assured. Findings from the interview The patient told that though she was able to walk slowly, she needed assistance for coming out of bed and to transfer from seated to standing position. She managed this with the walkers. For climbing up and down the stairs also she needed assistance. She managed this with the aid of railings in the stairs. She was unable to prepare food and it was being provided by the old-age home, which took care of including all necessary nutritional ingredients. She could feed by herself, though very slowly. As she needed different medications for her different ailments, she asked someone to prepare a medication chart for her, which she displayed in her room, to aid her in taking all medicines on time. She had also kept duplicate hearing aids in her room in case she forgets or misplaces her hearing aid. Though she could take bath independently, she had made certain alterations in the bathroom to help her with this. She maintained personal hygiene practices by herself, such as brushing her teeth and grooming herself, though the speed was very slow. She chose her dresses herself, though she needed aid in managing fasteners etc. while putting the clothes on and off. She took aid from her inmates in the old-age home. She was able to operate and use other assistive devices like her hearing aids, walker, etc. by herself, though at times she needed assistance. She could use the toilet independently as she had made alterations in the toilet for the same. However, he had urinary incontinence because of which her body and clothes gave a bad odour. Bowel movements were still under control. She had not been doing any domestic work since 4-5 years since she was in the old age home. However, she felt that she could do it but at a very slow pace. She was not able to operate a phone owing to the development of latest technology phones. Discussion Health is determined by physical, mental, social, and economic factors. The determinants of health can be associated with the ADLs and then used to assess the QoL (Kim et al. 2014). In case of the above patient ADLs are greatly determined by these factors. Though the woman is under medication and has a very cooperative environment in the old-age home, she still needs nursing care and support and the old-age home should provide for a nurse for helping her regain her confidence. She has favourable social and economic conditions in the old-age home, however, personalized care is needed. Though she has found out ways to counter her needs using physical aids, like walker and altering the bathroom and toilet, still she needs proper supervision and aid to deal with her physical, mental, and social introversion she is undergoing due to urinary incontinence. Proper nutrition and timely medication is necessary to prevent her health from deteriorating further. Moreover, the chronic conditions she is suffering from, limitations in ADLs, and the advancing age, demand more care to improve her QoL (George et al. 2014). As she is suffering from arthritis, taking bath and climbing the stairs by herself may prove risky for her. So, an all-time nurse should be provided to her. This may be considered as need for long-term care services. These services are often needed for chronic ailments and needed from onset of these conditions and for the remaining lifetime, thus making it of great important to better understand the factors associated with long-term care to provide appropriate care and alleviate the societal burden caused by increasing age (Wu et al. 2014). Moreover, though at present her cognitive level is fine, due to advancing age, diabetes, midlife hypertension, that are the most widely accepted risk factors, there may be mild changes in cognition that can manifest as delays in memory and impairments in ADLs (Miu et al. 2016). The modifiable mid-life risk factors (like diabetes, hypertension, cholesterolemia) should be taken care of early in life to prevent ADL disability in old age. If these risk factors are given adequate attention in the middle age, there can be substantial increase in the old age period that one can live a healthy and independent life (Wong et al. 2015). The social determinants of health are partially lacking in this case as though the woman has neighbourhood trust, support, cohesion, and participation within the old-age home, her interaction with the outside world through phone or any other means is missing. This has great impact on the older persons ability to age in place (Norstrand et al. 2014). As the current process of care transitions for people with disabling conditions is both ineffective and inefficient (Camicia et al. 2014), the nurses need to be provided the necessary knowledge and skills to facilitate transitions that prove to be valuable for patients, their families, and the healthcare system. Ignorance and neglect of ADL assessment and unawareness about handling them may lead to poor long-term outcomes of treatment being given (Kerkhoff et al. 2014). Nurses need to be still more involved with geriatric patients who are undergoing psychosocial changes and may have adverse effects on their mental health as well (Liebel Powers 2015). Conclusion The above interview thus brings to the fore the need for proper and adequate nursing care to people who are having limitations in ADLs. The health determinants which lead to these conditions need to be assessed early in life and treated accordingly. If these are presented at later stages, adequate preventive and curative measures need to be applied by the nurse, so that the patient can lead a life worth living. Referencing Anon, Determinants of Health. Camicia, M. et al., 2014. The Essential Role of the Rehabilitation Nurse in Facilitating Care Transitions: A White Paper by the Association of Rehabilitation Nurses. Rehabilitation Nursing, 39(1), pp.315. George, P.P. et al., 2014. Determinants of health-related quality of life among community dwelling elderly. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 43(1), pp.310. Giebel, C.M., Sutcliffe, C. Challis, D., 2015. Activities of daily living and quality of life across different stages of dementia: a UK study. Aging Mental Health, 19(1), pp.6371. Kerkhoff, G. et al., 2014. Smooth Pursuit Bedside Training Reduces Disability and Unawareness During the Activities of Daily Living in Neglect A Randomized Controlled Trial. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, p.1545968313517757. Kim, K., Kim, Y.M. Kim, E.K., 2014. Correlation between the Activities of Daily Living of Stroke Patients in a Community Setting and Their Quality of Life. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 26(3), pp.417419.
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